电路设计里面的抗浪涌和抗雷击分别是什么意思？

Joejoe1

如题，很多电路上都要加上抗浪涌抗雷击的，但是两者有何区别呢？

bfhbdghr

IEC6100-4-5，只有四个等级，level4 差模2KV,共模4KV，高过这标准level4要求的电压就叫雷击，反之就叫浪涌。通信行业内通常差共模6KV是必须的。
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cghndnjd

IEC61000-4-5是EMC浪涌（雷击）的测试标准，在安规测试中称为雷击，每个产品的打的雷击数都不一样，打的是输出线。

nolita

浪涌电流指电源接通瞬间，流入电源设备的峰值电流。由于输入滤波电容迅速充电，所以该峰值电流远远大于稳态输入电流。电源应该限制AC开关、整流桥、保险丝、EMI滤波器件能承受的浪涌水平。反复开关环路，AC输入电压不应损坏电源或者导致保险丝烧断。

monikaka

我也想知道，一直没有明确的答案，听到一种说话，雷击主要是电流浪涌，而我们说的浪涌主要是电压浪涌。不知是否准确。

155351394

:hug::hug::hug:

超級狗

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monikaka 发表于 2022-7-27 11:26
5 I7 _! n3 s, v& I, t我也想知道，一直没有明确的答案，听到一种说话，雷击主要是电流浪涌，而我们说的浪涌主要是电压浪涌。不知 ...

有沒有更模糊一些？


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Suege Type
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The graph on the right shows pictorial images of surges whose voltages and widths are plotted on the vertical and horizontal axes, respectively. Now we are going to explain the types of surges.
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  D7 U1 _, Z5 r& {) m  [① Lightning surge

Lightning as natural phenomenon contains a very large amount of energy. A lightning surge can be grouped into direct lightning surges and induced lightning surges. Protection against a direct lightning surge is difficult, but protection against induced lightning is possible. Induced lightning is a high voltage surge induced by a relatively long wire such as power line or communication cable that is nearby a lightning strike.

② Open/close surge

Open/close surge is a transient high voltage surge induced in a switch or relay during its on and off operation, particularly when turning off, which causes rapid current change and inductance of the circuit or wiring. Voltage generated by an open/close surge is very high, and in some cases, it generates spark, heat or radiates an electromagnetic wave caused by a large damping oscillation current generated by floating static capacitance of inductance and contact. This high voltage surge may cause a malfunction of an electronic circuit, and in some cases, lead to the destruction of a component.

③ Load dump

Load dump is a surge generated by cutting the battery connection off on an automobile. The most severe instance occurs when the battery connection is lost while the automotive engine is in operation and the alternator (battery charging generator) is charging the battery. The magnitude of surge voltage is determined by the alternator rotation speed and magnetic field excitation strength at the moment of cut off.

④ ESD (electrostatic discharge)

ESD (electrostatic discharge) is a phenomenon where a charge is stored in a small floating capacity on a human body or substance then discharged to a nearby object, and is classified as one type of surge. ESD duration time is short with little energy, but because it generates transient high voltage as high as several kilo volts, it can generate a malfunction of electronic circuits or damages electronic components.

killer00

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