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序列 x(n)的奇偶分解的公式为:5 L. A7 y# ]) |6 X; C
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编写一个序列 x(n) 的奇偶分解式 xe(n) 和 xo(n),需要考虑的问题是序列长度,下标的变化。
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这里必须做个声明,下面的程序中用到了前几篇博客中的几个函数,这里给贴出来:
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信号相加:
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6 [$ G+ Q0 ~- n) M1 f6 Y; \. hfunction [y,n] = sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2)+ ~5 r) q1 w, W3 R2 I
% implements y(n) = x1(n) + x2(n)" p& J4 J8 K8 G$ \# l- {
% [y,n] = sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2)) }6 S, i3 x) f# t0 V9 X3 e
%____________________________________
; S ?! w+ Z& G2 ?" S' Q% y = sum sequence over n, which includes n1 and n20 z! J1 j! y. Y+ g5 P
% x1 = first sequence over n1! i, a2 ?# N3 B+ \
% x2 = second sequence over n2( n2 can be different from n1)
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n = min( min(n1), min(n2) ):max( max(n1), max(n2) ); %duration of y(n)
# G; @" B9 T# a M9 B8 W. xy1 = zeros(1,length(n)); y2 = y1; %initialization
- r% c$ @9 u, N7 g0 T5 iy1( find( ( n >= min(n1) )&( n <= max(n1) ) == 1 ) ) = x1; %x1 with duration of y1
, p! F) Q, q" n. s. a) D# qy2( find( ( n >= min(n2) )&( n <= max(n2) ) == 1 ) ) = x2; %x2 with duration of y24 v- K$ _2 E4 z! z0 Y4 H
y = y1 + y2;, U) m- n p. H/ [% E) h
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. r" ~, v- [* a1 P( w9 K信号移位:2 B3 s) W1 V! ]; L3 ^" @- M, o
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function [y,n] = sigshift(x,m,k)
, b3 b1 d6 q( A A- i, J%implements y(n) = x(n - k) a9 y3 p' v/ z
%_________________________
2 k0 A+ ]6 ?! U5 v* m v%[y,n] = sigshift(x,m,k): J( o- g/ |6 x& w _& {
%
$ h# Z, V& s3 Yn = m+k;
% F- u! e3 K& H* t6 z) \y = x;
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单位阶跃序列:7 m2 {1 O& f3 t( K. Q
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function [x,n]=stepseq(n0,n1,n2);2 B, z# K& v! d( \3 { e
% generate x(n) = u(n - n0); n1 <= n <= n2
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%[x,n] = stepseq(n0, n1, n2);8 d( x/ q, B* _+ H. T* ?
%
% E. B9 Q6 E" w2 w8 T4 ^4 jn = [n1:n2];
* ~! k1 u3 m- e' ux = [(n-n0) >= 0];
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# R, Q2 _5 \' J5 h3 N下面给出函数程序:6 f, o& b b: @+ d3 L. _6 T G1 u% D
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function [xe, xo, m] = evenodd(x, n)
) C7 k$ g( F) E/ N3 [% Real signal decomposition into even and odd parts
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%[xe, xo, m] = evenodd(x, n)
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" f8 t) U$ ^' {# Q ~* a- aif any( imag(x) )
+ J" h4 Y* }* D- ~3 @% {0 k0 s error('x is not a real sequence!');! l: I- S" P) X2 n& D3 D& [
end
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% Ensure m of xe and xo
* }, j5 c: L. k% l5 t; wm = - fliplr(n);7 l( `, D+ b/ \/ y
m1 = min([m,n]);
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m = m1:m2;
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; B& a, D4 ]8 L5 s4 b$ ^. @0 w% Ensure x over m4 U8 O; U4 c: ]( t6 Z9 j+ n
nm = n(1) - m(1);, L! D$ q9 w+ b; x' d7 M
n1 = 1:length(n);
S* d7 d: z, ux1 = zeros(1,length(m)); % initialization
" D& Q) k' Y9 q* ~$ \& z* }. ]4 U5 S* qx1(nm + n1) = x;. z" K6 [; l/ c# J/ y Z) E
x = x1; % new x which enlarge index n
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% xe and xo
/ T6 z, l$ h# R- N) n1 G8 s; Pxe = 0.5*(x + fliplr(x));, N2 m% t! H3 l, ?: [1 L' f
xo = 0.5*(x - fliplr(x));/ c3 i p, Y/ |* |1 O9 t" F
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$ `# J% _6 l) ]& U+ t序列和及其位置分别装入 x 和 n 数组。首先确认是否已知序列是实序列并在m数组中确定偶部和奇部分量的位置,最后将所得奇偶分量存入xe和xo数组中。
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下面以一个实例来验证上述函数:
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将x(n)分解为奇偶分量。0 s' o6 A1 H4 o7 y4 |" O
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clear
' J- `! T, ]: B, u2 Dclose all
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n = 0:10;# [; i2 \8 u; f. z y* [
x = stepseq(0,0,10) - stepseq(10,0,10);7 V. U! v4 N- N) J/ D. F
[xe, xo, m] = evenodd(x,n);7 [: j8 ?4 B2 B: _" |2 _
- Z: O* x# Q5 I/ l& C5 i# z8 O- rsubplot(2,2,1);
7 c/ J I$ m7 s" o2 ]stem(n,x,'filled');
, Z( k1 {# H9 u: h3 t9 z" ]& `title('Rectangular pulse');
4 \3 b+ u$ z$ r6 Q) `8 i" ^5 |: Dxlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)');
6 K& l$ k% B. X2 n. Aaxis([-10,10,0,1.2]);4 h1 N$ f. p$ F; T, y/ t, D2 }' F
3 R+ X C& T6 p, }! {: w3 [- `7 k: tsubplot(2,2,2);5 @ B. i V' h3 X4 Y& u7 {( S
stem(m,xe,'filled');
4 K; A) B2 M+ ^/ h* o6 P9 gtitle('Even part');
! W* E" {# [; D# w; t' H' exlabel('n');ylabel('xe(n)');
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subplot(2,2,4);
% N: D" Z& J3 B8 a' `8 e# Gstem(m,xo,'filled');: U4 F6 |7 }6 [# P m
title('Odd part');; T B1 U9 u4 T9 c5 H+ I9 o1 z
xlabel('n');ylabel('xo(n)');1 r% m. R; F4 i
axis([-10,10,-0.6,0.6]); i* J% S, n: ^' E+ p& r V3 v
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事实上,这篇博文到这里已经结束了,那我还想看看序列x(n)= u(n) - u(n-10)的合成过程:! G H3 C/ u5 S% q
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clear
& w$ V3 Z2 o4 E; H; [ gclose all- w/ _8 \( ]6 x! I) R# S
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[u1,n1] = stepseq(0,0,10);
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subplot(3,1,1)/ y0 K, N* `, ^2 q+ L
stem(n1,u1,'filled');; A! [3 A# e* z7 f; ^/ o8 c0 V
title('u(n)');
7 D9 j; S y M; Xylabel('u(n)');xlabel('n');
5 h3 l6 D" G! h0 h( Vaxis([-10,10,0,1.2]);4 q$ E x! k- R* j: R
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[u2,n2] = sigshift(u1,n1,10);' b" M$ T# P: ^9 }
subplot(3,1,2)9 T" S/ v b8 V$ [6 `6 P; S& i
stem(n2,u2,'filled');
/ | X7 s* C5 p$ U5 ntitle('u(n-10)')
; o0 j' ~4 Y+ @1 g/ |2 Xxlabel('n');ylabel('u(n - 10)');
1 @8 Z/ K( u7 d' P; d# qaxis([0,20,0,1.2]);
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2 k4 |5 G9 G$ \5 G% B/ r4 {[x,n] = sigadd(u1,n1,-u2,n2);
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0 z; E- \) ~ z" T3 O; Psubplot(3,1,3)
3 \: B, V# X S2 p$ ^8 bstem(n,x,'filled');. r! V5 Y" r+ J9 c" e
title('Rectangular sequence');
, F- v- g! {% _$ Fxlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)= u(n) - u(n -10)');' R+ I. P3 `9 r: J( p( L
axis([-10,10,0,1.2]);
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