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字符串4 z7 T% ]) M/ G6 z% g ?8 u
Python中字符串相关的处理都非常方便,来看例子:
' F) W* k7 s: z/ ma = 'Life is short, you need Python'7 [& u$ Y- h9 p% a
a.lower() # 'life is short, you need Python'
! Q# h) D( C U! z' h( q4 sa.upper() # 'LIFE IS SHORT, YOU NEED PYTHON'
" o( n7 D) ?5 e% Qa.count('i') # 2
- }9 F3 X* c; P3 L8 Y% M$ }8 V. j* ia.find('e') # 从左向右查找'e',37 K" Q+ U [9 b' M
a.RFind('need') # 从右向左查找'need',19
( u9 c9 q) t* y- b8 C& Ya.replace('you', 'I') # 'Life is short, I need Python'! v$ d2 ^+ ~4 l( x. f+ t1 g
tokens = a.split() # ['Life', 'is', 'short,', 'you', 'need', 'Python']& e8 C# f4 g2 u& v1 g, @* M
b = ' '.join(tokens) # 用指定分隔符按顺序把字符串列表组合成新字符串
1 H4 H# j$ ]3 Y4 \3 x) s! c5 B- cc = a + '\n' # 加了换行符,注意+用法是字符串作为序列的用法
5 Q6 U4 J, Y3 u1 m, Y' }/ S E Zc.rstrip() # 右侧去除换行符
4 b& [0 e) G1 M2 ~+ A5 O! ^7 S9 v[x for x in a] # 遍历每个字符并生成由所有字符按顺序构成的列表
" X. q9 g& ?5 o( _2 R0 v, t'Python' in a # True7 ^ ?( l1 A; q) g7 H3 Y
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Python2.6中引入了format进行字符串格式化,相比在字符串中用%的类似C的方式,更加强大方便: u9 X6 S/ u7 a* q/ m2 t
a = 'I’m like a {} chasing {}.'' M: u9 @ h. A3 P, ~+ p1 m) J
# 按顺序格式化字符串,'I’m like a dog chasing cars.'
) \% q/ U) }; D' Z8 F' }9 ?a.format('dog', 'cars')
; a9 g/ S9 B4 h1 j1 ?, M
7 `. L2 x% Z) V# 在大括号中指定参数所在位置8 [1 [+ K8 i9 n. B9 v0 K
b = 'I prefer {1} {0} to {2} {0}'
7 D, E$ ^5 W5 J' {( h- S! d; c5 Mb.format('food', 'Chinese', 'American')
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0 g+ Z: A! e8 K7 U2 I- W( g# >代表右对齐,>前是要填充的字符,依次输出:
$ u, A5 A, L& m+ x T! e# 000001
9 l. ^$ }+ l" ]6 X! V# 000019; J4 y1 p- C) i, N& b: L8 N
# 000256
& Z. A# T0 r5 x8 k+ ~9 pfor i in [1, 19, 256]:& s/ ~; B) L0 E- O7 y% c) c/ {" g
print('The index is {:0>6d}'.format(i))
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3 _' N; l0 M+ a# <代表左对齐,依次输出:/ J4 t( @, v1 v& b
# *---------" Z( U9 `8 \+ b7 q) K
# ****------4 A- E2 G- Q. A: B$ o" N. x
# *******---6 A2 @& J& D& ?, }8 u$ N8 u
for x in ['*', '****', '*******']:7 x0 V5 `% Z3 p: w
progress_bar = '{:-<10}'.format(x)9 p) P% d, I+ G1 Z/ r$ W( y
print(progress_bar)7 y+ H6 f3 ?4 D: B- y
5 N& v* J# b6 b) \; {3 r9 Zfor x in [0.0001, 1e17, 3e-18]:: p4 `1 w2 X2 m d1 a
print('{:.6f}'.format(x)) # 按照小数点后6位的浮点数格式3 _: @( {! N% o w
print('{:.1e}'.format(x)) # 按照小数点后1位的科学记数法格式/ \( ^6 O n9 ]- {
print ('{:g}'.format(x)) # 系统自动选择最合适的格式& }# j, L9 @8 d6 u* Y
) C$ F9 ?, N% k: W" L- g1 r$ [template = '{name} is {age} years old.'
2 o% o5 i# V) ~" _+ I5 g5 \) H1 i( I- jc = template.format(name='Tom', age=8)) # Tom is 8 years old.( t+ [$ c8 y4 I' Z3 l6 K+ i! {
d = template.format(age=7, name='Jerry')# Jerry is 7 years old. |
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