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本帖最后由 ANkeer 于 2020-11-11 14:32 编辑
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本小节,我们将实现在ML501平台上对linux进行RTL仿真。
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3 q! N- F* R/ @' I. t2 D1,DDR2仿真模型的修改
2 y2 n* [) ]- t( h# |0 z1 A2 k针对ML501的ORPSoC工程中,默认配置的DDR2的仿真模型与实际板子上使用的DDR2 SDRAM的参数不一致,我们要进行修改。1 T5 W3 Y8 a; w
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a,实际内存参数
]2 Y) l% [1 @5 Z+ T# E0 J要想对DDR2 SDRAM的仿真模型进行修改,我们首先要弄明白几个概念。
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2 N) V. Q9 H6 [& g% xRANK,BANK,row,,column。这几个都是逻辑上的概念。
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此外还有channel,module,chip,device等物理上的概念。
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对于ML501使用的DDR2 SDRAM来说,其具体参数如下所示:
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通过查看内存条,我们可以看到如下内容:MT4HTF3264HY-667F1 1RX16 256MB PC-5300S,1 D1 @4 v6 n6 K/ W% |) B7 Y
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其中3263是指内存条的organization:32Megx64,x64表示整个内存条的数据线(DQ)宽度是64bit。: R4 B! ]% W3 _. [ Y, t
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667表示内存条的speed grade。PC-5300也是speed grade。
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6 M1 T7 x6 m: Y0 Y J1RX16表示内存条上面的4个device,每个数据宽度是16,16X4正好是64bit。 u4 z/ {- p$ t: w2 A
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256MB,毫无疑问,表示内存条的容量是256M bytes。
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2 W% Z" t! Q8 I& g a$ J7 K q. i2 C% }通过内存条上面的标示,我们就可以获得很多信息,此外,通过查看其数据手册,我们会得到更详细的参数:
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RANK:是single rank。
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BANK:BA是2bit,说明bank数量是4,每个bank的大小是256MB/4=64MB。
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row:宽度是[12:0],一共13bit。
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column:宽度是[9:0],一共10bit。
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b,仿真模型参数
+ e ^# \) @ j' _1 w& c+ k5 `确定了我们实际使用的内存条的参数之后,我们就可以修改仿真模型的具体参数了。0 n3 s: P6 j7 {! x8 f. ]: t: |
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需要注意的是ddr2_model.v只是一个timing model,具体的storage,需要我们自己根据实际情况来定。
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这里需要修改的是MEM_BITS,由于ddr2_model.v是一个device的仿真模型,每个device中包含4个四分之一的bank,共64MB,所以对于如下定义:
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- q. u4 F W$ x* ^& x: |. {% W // Memory Storage
7 n0 T# c* P, ^0 Q, q`ifdef MAX_MEM' k( k5 \3 ~4 A+ O0 x: d
reg [BL_MAX*DQ_BITS-1:0] memory [0:`MAX_SIZE-1];
! k9 \0 _* |% `1 N7 s) V3 F! }`else// [8 * 16 -1:0] [0:(1<<22) -1]==>26bit==>64MB
" o: L6 M+ e# J/ [! n" H! v; i' \4 | reg [BL_MAX*DQ_BITS-1:0] memory [0:`MEM_SIZE-1];
7 R2 v% T) C; ] U reg [`MAX_BITS-1:0] address [0:`MEM_SIZE-1];. P7 D3 g8 p4 R) B0 J
reg [MEM_BITS:0] memory_index; ^7 ]- C6 {- ]& P8 ~- q; r
reg [MEM_BITS:0] memory_used;
- H2 l$ w' r2 V' S; {`endif
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我们需要定义MEM_BITS为22,如下所示:, } K+ E# _0 `5 \
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- H* e: j9 i+ ^9 |完整的参数,如下所示:
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/****************************************************************************************
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* Disclaimer This software code and all associated documentation, comments or other
& L6 C! j7 l% M Q- M4 Y0 t* of Warranty: information (collectively "Software") is provided "AS IS" without , q c) C4 I0 `( }9 k
* warranty of any kind. MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC. ("MTI") EXPRESSLY
* i- U5 g$ [: S. e* DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED & h/ b9 X/ w5 q/ v+ Y
* TO, NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS, AND ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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$ y- k, q. B' K# ]3 y6 P z% D+ \* WARRANT THAT THE SOFTWARE WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS, OR THAT THE 5 ? E2 E. C3 }3 p! e
* OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR-FREE. r2 e& |% i; b" q6 `
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* above limitation may not apply to you.
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( G! g5 j( a! u4 a+ h7 l4 k) t* Copyright 2003 Micron Technology, Inc. All rights reserved./ O( |# y( L! Y) |7 S
*
1 w* C m0 \& c; ?5 `****************************************************************************************/
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9 G$ ]2 G) L) p& I+ L9 g // Parameters current with 512Mb datasheet rev N
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// Timing parameters based on Speed Grade
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// SYMBOL UNITS DESCRIPTION) w$ g$ o, H% ~# r, C
`define sg37E / `0 O0 ~" O, w. c
`define x16
0 e Z' n- F- u! c//`define MAX_MEM
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" x' g( v$ N# _9 B* u`ifdef sg37E7 u# |6 Z5 j+ E" e5 y
parameter TCK_MIN = 3750; // tCK ps Minimum Clock Cycle Time
& \% c9 e4 f. u z' H3 x parameter TJIT_PER = 125; // tJIT(per) ps Period JItter/ \5 M2 X, ^7 P
parameter TJIT_DUTY = 125; // tJIT(duty) ps Half Period Jitter
* X$ K. f, b+ _' c) Q parameter TJIT_CC = 250; // tJIT(cc) ps Cycle to Cycle jitter
, W; N" y* U1 o: B. k parameter TERR_2PER = 175; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (2-cycle)
) O- \- b0 Y" e c& J2 a parameter TERR_3PER = 225; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (3-cycle)/ E7 t2 I& j$ G" d& S
parameter TERR_4PER = 250; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (4-cycle)
0 H# g8 }4 U# K4 d: a, R parameter TERR_5PER = 250; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (5-cycle)+ n) y$ d$ E1 Y: } \# o7 Q, R
parameter TERR_N1PER = 350; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (6-10-cycle)
1 H. A' ?3 K. Y7 v$ W- m3 _! T parameter TERR_N2PER = 450; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (11-50-cycle)/ I# X1 P' P; O/ u
parameter TQHS = 400; // tQHS ps Data hold skew factor% n. I; ]( I' k. P! k
parameter TAC = 500; // tAC ps DQ output access time from CK/CK#' Y+ o, i0 u- r6 I
parameter TDS = 100; // tDS ps DQ and DM input setup time relative to DQS4 d' P0 u0 X. K- |
parameter TDH = 225; // tDH ps DQ and DM input hold time relative to DQS5 p2 A( h K5 H2 S& ?
parameter TDQSCK = 450; // tDQSCK ps DQS output access time from CK/CK#
# O8 o4 P1 q& T4 u4 s$ x% b v parameter TDQSQ = 300; // tDQSQ ps DQS-DQ skew, DQS to last DQ valid, per group, per access r) Y) V% t" b( V( Q: r( Z: M
parameter TIS = 250; // tIS ps Input Setup Time! y: B% W. f4 M
parameter TIH = 375; // tIH ps Input Hold Time1 F1 Q1 b0 {5 B: D
parameter TRC = 55000; // tRC ps Active to Active/Auto Refresh command time
0 }6 s; g0 w$ z parameter TRCD = 15000; // tRCD ps Active to Read/Write command time" X) _. n0 \; Z: e9 N
parameter TWTR = 7500; // tWTR ps Write to Read command delay0 s+ S0 S# y1 k7 ?( G
parameter TRP = 15000; // tRP ps Precharge command period4 G2 ~4 Y9 z$ V$ o, p# f
parameter TRPA = 15000; // tRPA ps Precharge All period0 [# E2 D+ k7 E' z8 l% @- o# i
parameter TXARDS = 6; // tXARDS tCK Exit low power active power down to a read command
$ o) P9 S. K2 Z; [9 X- t9 b& @4 E parameter TXARD = 2; // tXARD tCK Exit active power down to a read command- n+ r1 Q0 X+ s+ Y& D
parameter TXP = 2; // tXP tCK Exit power down to a non-read command
: U# [0 ~; M9 X4 I4 {- Q' [2 i- \3 V) W parameter TANPD = 3; // tANPD tCK ODT to power-down entry latency/ j9 m! w$ |% q) j+ ^* R$ L9 p
parameter TAXPD = 8; // tAXPD tCK ODT power-down exit latency g! }! y* K ^" o0 [
parameter CL_TIME = 15000; // CL ps Minimum CAS Latency
& E8 Z( M) z0 g' E |( J`endif // ------ ----- -----------
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% t6 C% T. L: _* X" G5 A# p* [`ifdef x16 V8 k; E7 @5 n2 n( Q
`ifdef sg37E& v# X; Q8 b" v! w! V
parameter TFAW = 50000; // tFAW ps Four Bank Activate window
' [" b0 L. o* m" e( j* l `endif
/ k$ {6 |! n) `$ l' N8 e`endif
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/ }. j+ ^6 l- D# E, @1 n // Timing Parameters' `; {! c U: r5 k7 Y0 r
4 S* ]3 o6 H4 _5 V. {& S L // Mode Register6 u0 h* {8 C6 C
parameter AL_MIN = 0; // AL tCK Minimum Additive Latency. [) i2 [7 }( G/ F: |
parameter AL_MAX = 6; // AL tCK Maximum Additive Latency
- [& k& A" t/ E0 U/ }2 ^! w% ?7 H parameter CL_MIN = 3; // CL tCK Minimum CAS Latency
) h/ g* L1 x( ~8 v& I m parameter CL_MAX = 7; // CL tCK Maximum CAS Latency1 b Z4 c( `7 k2 W+ F
parameter WR_MIN = 2; // WR tCK Minimum Write Recovery+ S1 L( ^: v2 Y( E, ]% S; U
parameter WR_MAX = 8; // WR tCK Maximum Write Recovery
7 D% g( h, M; z/ n parameter BL_MIN = 4; // BL tCK Minimum Burst Length
, x- g7 @, l' O Y! n' P, [1 Z parameter BL_MAX = 8; // BL tCK Minimum Burst Length
6 t4 y& ?! q% B0 Y) Q9 J/ w // Clock" ?' D G. @; f: h. ~
parameter TCK_MAX = 8000; // tCK ps Maximum Clock Cycle Time, c/ d! Y% h0 t$ z
parameter TCH_MIN = 0.48; // tCH tCK Minimum Clock High-Level Pulse Width
$ W: x9 v; Z5 r parameter TCH_MAX = 0.52; // tCH tCK Maximum Clock High-Level Pulse Width
7 o* k. y! m, Y, a0 { parameter TCL_MIN = 0.48; // tCL tCK Minimum Clock Low-Level Pulse Width
& ^# N- x9 @( o2 n' q0 v. e parameter TCL_MAX = 0.52; // tCL tCK Maximum Clock Low-Level Pulse Width. g/ A; g3 l! w' a6 {
// Data8 }2 A0 R9 D- v3 {' b
parameter TLZ = TAC; // tLZ ps Data-out low-impedance window from CK/CK#
: |( ^/ l1 N2 D3 c& b1 x parameter THZ = TAC; // tHZ ps Data-out high impedance window from CK/CK## D: f5 Q% v/ G \8 D' y6 b% b
parameter TDIPW = 0.35; // tDIPW tCK DQ and DM input Pulse Width1 m) q% e2 `2 Y% D: w/ z) g% Q4 n, M
// Data Strobe
6 w* O" S- _ O+ q' X. ~ parameter TDQSH = 0.35; // tDQSH tCK DQS input High Pulse Width
/ ?& A5 Y# R+ ~ parameter TDQSL = 0.35; // tDQSL tCK DQS input Low Pulse Width) S% h) ?7 Y. U; O9 T) _, r
parameter TDSS = 0.20; // tDSS tCK DQS falling edge to CLK rising (setup time)' ^; R) `* ]+ q/ ^6 |' }5 V
parameter TDSH = 0.20; // tDSH tCK DQS falling edge from CLK rising (hold time)+ P8 Q; ?8 \8 W7 W
parameter TWPRE = 0.35; // tWPRE tCK DQS Write Preamble
8 j- {! o M) g3 r parameter TWPST = 0.40; // tWPST tCK DQS Write Postamble
1 y% E( m# Y3 M" t parameter TDQSS = 0.25; // tDQSS tCK Rising clock edge to DQS/DQS# latching transition
7 u4 }: S; n2 x5 A- w# I* a // Command and Address
* [5 k) G/ m8 ] parameter TIPW = 0.6; // tIPW tCK Control and Address input Pulse Width / ~8 i9 X! v8 W* {' E# K
parameter TCCD = 2; // tCCD tCK Cas to Cas command delay/ V0 f( Q/ V- S! ?) t6 y6 L
parameter TRAS_MIN = 40000; // tRAS ps Minimum Active to Precharge command time
0 q! e- H1 B, v5 i parameter TRAS_MAX =70000000; // tRAS ps Maximum Active to Precharge command time' B: y# ]8 z6 o! x' L$ p
parameter TRTP = 7500; // tRTP ps Read to Precharge command delay
* S* k- M8 ?) ~, X8 e parameter TWR = 15000; // tWR ps Write recovery time. W8 W0 p" L0 ~# b
parameter TMRD = 2; // tMRD tCK Load Mode Register command cycle time
& p8 l. Z( X) k, g* x parameter TDLLK = 200; // tDLLK tCK DLL locking time
( C- p @$ n1 I- O5 x, U+ M9 \ // Refresh6 j' i* ~1 Q4 G/ d* v
parameter TRFC_MIN = 105000; // tRFC ps Refresh to Refresh Command interval minimum value
' r; ^$ k/ e' s0 Y# V parameter TRFC_MAX =70000000; // tRFC ps Refresh to Refresh Command Interval maximum value
& D8 u0 @! X% U: h' o // Self Refresh: ~0 \; t# \4 h3 D _7 ?% P% Z
parameter TXSNR = TRFC_MIN + 10000; // tXSNR ps Exit self refesh to a non-read command/ E3 L# j8 A& ? n. @$ p9 _
parameter TXSRD = 200; // tXSRD tCK Exit self refresh to a read command5 N/ m* J. k; z) w0 S
parameter TISXR = TIS; // tISXR ps CKE setup time during self refresh exit.
* s) q2 P d8 ^% J6 y" K/ G/ c, G // ODT9 U$ ]( t% [+ C: Q1 M; {. ~( h
parameter TAOND = 2; // tAOND tCK ODT turn-on delay
7 `3 a0 a$ n i; _+ H& C* p% E6 r parameter TAOFD = 2.5; // tAOFD tCK ODT turn-off delay- W6 a! Y# _/ {- v! p
parameter TAONPD = 2000; // tAONPD ps ODT turn-on (precharge power-down mode)
8 E6 ~+ B% `9 l3 [# T parameter TAOFPD = 2000; // tAOFPD ps ODT turn-off (precharge power-down mode)5 [3 b; B+ x. m* A1 d
parameter TMOD = 12000; // tMOD ps ODT enable in EMR to ODT pin transition
/ K, Y! ?( \; U/ Y1 C // Power Down
' t- Z8 j5 K. h k+ P6 K* W3 q7 b3 z parameter TCKE = 3; // tCKE tCK CKE minimum high or low pulse width
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// Size Parameters based on Part Width
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`ifdef x16 G( Y' ~5 j) P1 h/ w N
parameter ADDR_BITS = 13; // Address Bits- H4 h8 k6 l; w$ ?1 W, s6 |
parameter ROW_BITS = 13; // Number of Address bits3 H) S( B. k3 |: m6 }6 J6 |
parameter COL_BITS = 10; // Number of Column bits
/ ^3 r, q' M }- x) M8 Y. S parameter DM_BITS = 2; // Number of Data Mask bits
$ M1 V% c) x2 u" p% K* U3 Z parameter DQ_BITS = 16; // Number of Data bits3 \) |. O6 ?: S. Y) I
parameter DQS_BITS = 2; // Number of Dqs bits& v! F6 T; l* f5 U
parameter TRRD = 10000; // tRRD Active bank a to Active bank b command time
" d$ ?# E, `7 s* B- a( F5 h`endif# Q+ M- G L; F1 [6 B. @8 p
8 z8 Y- o* f8 o# l7 [/ V`ifdef QUAD_RANK
' o; S0 J% y. V4 q; J8 ~& U1 w `define DUAL_RANK // also define DUAL_RANK
7 d) l& x0 q& @' p" r$ r5 i parameter CS_BITS = 4; // Number of Chip Select Bits
( } M8 b( U+ e5 w9 _- [ parameter RANKS = 4; // Number of Chip Select Bits* u& m: G7 W% D1 n5 V7 q
`else `ifdef DUAL_RANK
7 m3 {& l: F4 e6 s- s; [( V- K parameter CS_BITS = 2; // Number of Chip Select Bits
$ ?0 r: W* F! h6 I$ } parameter RANKS = 2; // Number of Chip Select Bits
. e3 r) s( D8 y, `$ x, l`else; J% X, l. y3 t+ W
parameter CS_BITS = 2; // Number of Chip Select Bits0 C1 X$ [$ U3 M. K
parameter RANKS = 1; // Number of Chip Select Bits
' \2 d! r, V4 @9 F+ C6 C1 F`endif `endif
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! m7 Z% A& |: y9 \' |( u- t // Size Parameters
! L/ x& I3 @. p" b parameter BA_BITS = 2; // Set this pARMaeter to control how many Bank Address bits3 u/ y% s; T5 q7 d$ P$ v/ T% t
// if MEM_BITS== 14, a DQ=16 each part, DQ=64 total (4 parts) => 1MB total (256KB each)( A' b% ^: H0 c( s0 r; s
// if MEM_BITS== 15, a DQ=16 each part, DQ=64 total (4 parts) => 2MB total (512KB each)
& V; M) [, W' i2 C, o" ^- ]// if MEM_BITS== 16, a DQ=16 each part, DQ=64 total (4 parts) => 4MB total (1MB each)
5 [" g+ {5 a8 \ ?+ q' q5 U// if MEM_BITS== 17, a DQ=16 each part, DQ=64 total (4 parts) => 8MB total (2MB each)) b/ W) D4 m% t' C0 o) D4 C
//parameter MEM_BITS = 14; // Number of write data bursts can be stored in memory. The default is 2^10=1024.; I/ Z d" m$ }' E a
parameter MEM_BITS = 22; // Number of write data bursts can be stored in memory. //256MB total(64MB each),Rill modify from 17 to 22 140410" o- e/ O( E/ I/ d' N8 _+ M
parameter AP = 10; // the address bit that controls auto-precharge and precharge-all& J! @4 R# ^& i: G# V/ H* u
parameter BL_BITS = 3; // the number of bits required to count to MAX_BL
; l# a5 v6 J5 e; t* w; o$ t parameter BO_BITS = 2; // the number of Burst Order Bits
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4 R9 E8 U7 N( T- N: ?7 T // Simulation parameters
6 J( ? I8 w# u' n1 [2 ~ parameter STOP_ON_ERROR = 1; // If set to 1, the model will halt on command sequence/major errors# G4 n+ y9 X( ]# i4 N$ I5 L
parameter DEBUG = 0; // Turn on Debug messages
+ P- |% h: M( o% Q1 a( Z parameter BUS_DELAY = 0; // delay in nanoseconds
8 x5 H9 |. t4 f parameter RANDOM_OUT_DELAY = 0; // If set to 1, the model will put a random amount of delay on DQ/DQS during reads
) D2 j5 w: U8 r% |7 k parameter RANDOM_SEED = 711689044; //seed value for random generator.
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parameter RDQSEN_PRE = 2; // DQS driving time prior to first read strobe- s& L# J' w0 Y/ d' I7 L
parameter RDQSEN_PST = 1; // DQS driving time after last read strobe
, q! D6 l: W+ |0 w7 C parameter RDQS_PRE = 2; // DQS low time prior to first read strobe) R5 a7 i4 u9 x% I( R
parameter RDQS_PST = 1; // DQS low time after last valid read strobe( H, h4 y8 V% t J- S2 P# e
parameter RDQEN_PRE = 0; // DQ/DM driving time prior to first read data
: s% U* r$ } E* Y6 J; h% O parameter RDQEN_PST = 0; // DQ/DM driving time after last read data. \8 b2 a; o$ y9 q9 l% ~7 F
parameter WDQS_PRE = 1; // DQS half clock periods prior to first write strobe
- U5 W& x1 _6 _ parameter WDQS_PST = 1; // DQS half clock periods after last valid write strobe
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c,preload的修改! w6 b& J; W' _* W7 \
目前,我们已经建立的和实际硬件一致的仿真模型,但是我们在仿真前,要把linux的镜像实现load到仿真模型中才行,这就需要了解DDR2 SDRAM的内部组织结构,了解BL_MAX,BL_BITS,DQ_BITS等参数的具体含义,了解DDR2 SDRAM的读写过程和时序。这些内容请参考《memory system - cache dram disk》一书。这里不再赘述。% a7 v# Z0 z( ?) ]9 X
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对于仿真linux而言,由于编译时指定的内存大小是32MB,所以,我在preload时也只load32MB,一个bank是64MB,所以我们只需要load bank0即可,但是bank0是分布在4个device里的。) ]/ A0 U6 h7 V! y' M8 r
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下面是修改后的orpsoc_testbench.v的部分代码:
6 f/ h0 V3 l) C8 h2 ~
7 u+ ^7 W1 l! H`ifdef XILINX_DDR2
' j0 Z# U* Z+ Z `ifndef GATE_SIM
" X# {2 S7 G9 F& ^' j8 m, G5 \ defparam dut.xilinx_ddr2_0.xilinx_ddr2_if0.ddr2_mig0.SIM_ONLY = 1;- B+ G) t) |) W0 ]" l! Q' v( e6 s `
`endif
4 Y4 K7 S; s# f( o 8 V) c6 r0 t; q1 }" o: ]
always @( * ) begin- ]; f! u+ @; t
ddr2_ck_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_ck_FPGA;
9 U! o' a3 o; y) x/ H/ h ddr2_ck_n_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_ck_n_fpga;3 z) h. S5 m; ? E2 @
ddr2_a_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_a_fpga;
9 Z# T8 c: t3 G" k6 i3 V- J) T ddr2_ba_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_ba_fpga;; w9 J* o. G% I7 k' t
ddr2_ras_n_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_ras_n_fpga;
/ o. W2 U {. y. q% H8 b- y ddr2_cas_n_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_cas_n_fpga;8 U+ r" ~; ]0 b; ]
ddr2_we_n_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_we_n_fpga;
# S- d( N$ e6 J* Q ddr2_cs_n_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_cs_n_fpga;
D9 d) w, n0 R0 l! P ddr2_cke_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_cke_fpga;7 G9 A8 F8 p& u( B
ddr2_odt_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_odt_fpga;
3 h) C5 E1 g/ X0 S8 f ddr2_dm_sdram_tmp <= #(TPROP_PCB_DATA) ddr2_dm_fpga;//DM signal generation4 r5 S" Z/ S, g$ i, `" z ]% R" t' s
end // always @ ( * )
. Y$ z$ `5 g& w2 u' J
: ^' U- J4 q' w& `! F8 J // Model delays on bi-directional BUS
& \8 R3 o3 U* o/ K& P genvar dqwd; ?5 l. Q5 y; C4 k' x# ?# D
generate
8 N. V6 f, E# d" l: U* U5 G9 ]! I& R' U for (dqwd = 0;dqwd < DQ_WIDTH;dqwd = dqwd+1) begin : dq_delay
6 e) q) ~0 @$ ~6 ] wiredelay #
+ ^% t, ^! ~. \% ~" b (, _0 }7 ~4 W9 k6 D3 L: y
.Delay_g (TPROP_PCB_DATA),1 h4 y) ~9 R# s' Z, N
.Delay_rd (TPROP_PCB_DATA_RD)
. U$ c* D) j3 _% d# g5 ` )
) a! O/ m- C1 f7 L u_delay_dq' l! ?! n3 E+ r- r* h# h
(
) u4 ]( f+ ~: a( B .A (ddr2_dq_fpga[dqwd]),
. Y k0 W* I: W- i2 c .B (ddr2_dq_sdram[dqwd]),* C5 {5 n( u8 s
.reset (rst_n)
' `' ^. H# y. u- u7 i+ x );
) b" x9 r. i' ^; O- ]. g3 {" b% m' l end# ?- ^! H" B& W; \1 m
endgenerate
' Q! Q) z) D) I
, S, |, f0 a' N5 b4 h! I genvar dqswd;/ c, @+ n: ~; Y" R' Q4 @( L: o
generate4 R, }# j; i4 S8 p0 ?7 `# y
for (dqswd = 0;dqswd < DQS_WIDTH;dqswd = dqswd+1) begin : dqs_delay
9 z& b3 G2 g F M6 T8 ^" P wiredelay #
7 j2 `& s+ ?" A; q. g- ~ (# t0 V. M8 T! f2 b: Y8 f
.Delay_g (TPROP_DQS),6 p$ u# Q: o z
.Delay_rd (TPROP_DQS_RD)# n0 W6 ^; U# Q: g# [& s
)
7 h: q% Y# X& X0 E8 x, ? u_delay_dqs k8 r5 l8 b" R
(
$ z& e! r/ J4 i6 O! r7 o .A (ddr2_dqs_fpga[dqswd]),0 S6 {( G7 z. g j7 F& W q
.B (ddr2_dqs_sdram[dqswd]),* ~0 m& f6 F7 x3 C7 E. Z6 v
.reset (rst_n)& m; B" \& N, M3 O9 N
);+ \8 ?' F7 {9 M: D' A! `
- b: a( p& m& t
wiredelay #, q. x7 k1 D. A- Q* |
(. ~! r& [( w' e* C
.Delay_g (TPROP_DQS),1 G% E" V5 u1 V: f4 Q
.Delay_rd (TPROP_DQS_RD)# b+ [* I8 |: q% F
): S; W( Z b9 [8 z7 s, Z% s+ P
u_delay_dqs_n
; p8 z! V; v7 G( F1 h' C h6 u (* W3 p& M, T8 \- M
.A (ddr2_dqs_n_fpga[dqswd]),; x$ |- R: i9 l: o& V
.B (ddr2_dqs_n_sdram[dqswd]),0 z8 z5 {6 S& h2 b6 o
.reset (rst_n)
4 }( ^" f9 E( [$ h( g3 c );
. q" `" A) d' f! x) o3 @ end
8 @4 W7 `: b- i/ Z% O: E6 H$ E endgenerate
3 v9 n3 ~' x0 D; A4 ~- B
7 L# @3 ~3 s4 \; V2 t, R0 j! @1 j assign ddr2_dm_sdram = ddr2_dm_sdram_tmp;
' p! Q2 j" l L" q* ? //parameter NUM_PROGRAM_WORDS=1048576;
5 D. _: I: A% `/ X# K3 K) nparameter NUM_PROGRAM_WORDS=8388608; //Rill modify from 1048576: F/ l! A; Q) K0 i; t
integer ram_ptr, program_word_ptr, k;
! t6 Q# b4 E2 h# g0 j6 F! w reg [31:0] tmp_program_word;
, F k. ]$ e2 V9 @ reg [31:0] program_array [0:NUM_PROGRAM_WORDS-1]; // 1M words = 4MB//8M words = 32MB
% p' _6 {. f8 ~) @ reg [8*16-1:0] ddr2_ram_mem_line; //8*16-bits= 8 shorts (half-words)
3 h3 K$ L* \8 }$ u genvar i, j;2 M/ h6 U2 J2 s+ u+ N
generate- t7 N* c: `* U- b8 F, v7 |
// if the data width is multiple of 16
/ ^1 C) S; U. H% y9 I for(j = 0; j < CS_NUM; j = j+1) begin : gen_cs // Loop of 1
, m9 P ]0 B5 K' I3 v ^9 J5 k for(i = 0; i < DQS_WIDTH/2; i = i+1) begin : gen // Loop of 4 (DQS_WIDTH=8)/ u8 ?! E3 c6 s
initial. l$ v1 l* l; C
begin
- a' ?1 l+ G6 g' |/ g; Z2 ?- W `ifdef PRELOAD_RAM
, {' z, l5 |5 l6 R2 m `include "ddr2_model_preload.v"8 Y" a8 q- o* ?' ^% [6 {2 P
`endif
% D n) Q6 H9 [+ t% b end+ y( N/ X* g$ I9 Q3 B& @
/ D/ X& k i3 G' A! k- T ddr2_model u_mem0
! v1 N7 C6 N# q8 \ (8 x1 V! Z0 Y& n3 M0 H* t7 @" e: q
.ck (ddr2_ck_sdram[CLK_WIDTH*i/DQS_WIDTH]),
8 [. C& f! L7 {8 } t .ck_n (ddr2_ck_n_sdram[CLK_WIDTH*i/DQS_WIDTH]),3 J4 \1 f' z. d$ F. ]9 e
.cke (ddr2_cke_sdram[j]),- x9 {9 k, S$ s* B% H" f$ p" ?
.cs_n (ddr2_cs_n_sdram[CS_WIDTH*i/DQS_WIDTH]),
$ m$ R( Y* B8 l* ^ .ras_n (ddr2_ras_n_sdram),4 ~/ Q0 C- U1 r. n6 x9 j
.cas_n (ddr2_cas_n_sdram),
. E$ z$ m# F! }- W( U" ] .we_n (ddr2_we_n_sdram),2 d* B1 i4 s1 f$ [6 l
.dm_rdqs (ddr2_dm_sdram[(2*(i+1))-1 : i*2]),7 V, Y9 ~& {0 [
.ba (ddr2_ba_sdram),
- b$ o6 z4 v- d1 | .addr (ddr2_a_sdram),1 x. X2 r' y9 g( n
.dq (ddr2_dq_sdram[(16*(i+1))-1 : i*16]),
# e9 P6 w4 |( H .dqs (ddr2_dqs_sdram[(2*(i+1))-1 : i*2]),) c: A( j' L' M
.dqs_n (ddr2_dqs_n_sdram[(2*(i+1))-1 : i*2]),
' L, x' }+ h! Y2 u% ?! n .rdqs_n (),0 h; Y5 ?# `2 O' [6 H0 q' o- s
.odt (ddr2_odt_sdram[ODT_WIDTH*i/DQS_WIDTH])
0 w' H4 h3 s" O- |- p );* X' a. z5 A4 A6 w
end( m, l# G; g# o @6 s
end
0 ~5 ^2 Q( t$ ~ S endgenerate9 m" ^; `# p3 f
% r: m. m& w( [) B; t`endif
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3 t# H& N! f4 H8 l, n5 _
下面是ddr2_model_preload.v的修改后的代码:
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// File intended to be included in the generate statement for each DDR2 part.! V+ y* S+ T( O/ ?" r
// The following loads a vmem file, "sram.vmem" by default, into the SDRAM.# J- ?6 |" C4 A' x* s. _ {
% s2 A- C7 S* M4 X8 X0 q
// Wait until the DDR memory is initialised, and then magically0 c' g) V2 N- o& y( G, _- G
// load it u: h8 `7 z' `4 V/ q+ B' w
$display("%t: wait phy_init_done",$time);# `* u5 v& ^% a; F! j
@(posedge dut.xilinx_ddr2_0.xilinx_ddr2_if0.phy_init_done);
/ r0 X- j# E# E$ _$display("%t: Loading DDR2",$time);
. E$ O w/ ~; b/ ]& a4 d % }: x$ a; C2 e3 R) W; ^6 K- n; f* g
$readmemh("sram.vmem", program_array);* v o8 c3 u- Z6 D4 d5 n( a
/* Now dish it out to the DDR2 model's memory */7 w0 ~1 l- k8 y+ o/ E- E7 |
for(ram_ptr = 0 ; ram_ptr < 64*1024/*4096*/ ; ram_ptr = ram_ptr + 1)& D0 n& o" M, \( s9 Z7 T9 Q7 b
begin
6 E6 R" E' \' L0 A8 A9 \ // Construct the burst line, with every second word from where we9 s2 [* r2 K$ ]7 h8 D1 ]
// started, and picking the correct half of the word with i%2" F6 w0 E+ \/ C/ T# Q
program_word_ptr = ram_ptr * 16 + (i/2) ; // Start on word0 or word16 o2 w- k" \" q* m0 e, J
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];, U6 q& g" ]' q5 q7 s( h
ddr2_ram_mem_line[15:0] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];6 \- C! ^1 N9 M$ i i
program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;$ V F1 P1 `. g7 T, H1 h
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr]; 0 m8 t- Z9 a4 B2 ?( V9 q. u; L
ddr2_ram_mem_line[31:16] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];
/ \; l+ Q0 x" t- }
% ]7 A* I5 X. a1 N$ Q; y program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;* U( g0 v+ g9 N9 `- R4 H1 z
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];
: E# _( j5 I! N$ P) G& j, H" v ddr2_ram_mem_line[47:32] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];; I: K5 s/ |1 I/ Z
4 Q7 A9 e# q0 ?9 t. v program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;
7 N& l# C. n0 q tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];# j$ g6 g4 U4 B" f2 ~7 g& Y
ddr2_ram_mem_line[63:48] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];
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program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;7 q& v" y: a$ `7 P; S9 z* p
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];5 k% Y; R2 w3 c. a: L1 O( d* R
ddr2_ram_mem_line[79:64] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];9 f6 B h0 `' C5 p2 g* h
3 l% B3 y# r/ k+ ~ program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;/ H7 x0 J, K% Q5 E" j4 L
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];
* |* D& h; J8 {0 \ ddr2_ram_mem_line[95:80] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];5 s( T: ^( S+ u0 r' u
1 I1 b$ J" r# d& V4 c* y0 t8 H+ O/ Y" p program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;9 U) V1 v i& C9 J
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];
. A4 M9 B6 `, r* K ddr2_ram_mem_line[111:96] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];
# c5 i! m2 r" {! r
7 J" I! M* ^% `2 l5 Y: c% W program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;# _4 T |/ q, H
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];) i' E3 A1 o4 l. E0 C
ddr2_ram_mem_line[127:112] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];
. V& t0 `- R# _- j g; w
" J j) z- d3 v; b // Put this assembled line into the RAM using its memory writing TASK, {7 c9 L y; b/ E/ L
// (bank ,row , { col }, data0 F+ }7 R: B5 p
u_mem0.memory_write(2'b00,ram_ptr[19:7], {ram_ptr[6:0],3'b000},ddr2_ram_mem_line);
* t) \$ V+ ^! Y. a
( O4 k, D0 q' @7 E( y //$display("Writing 0x%h, ramline=%d",ddr2_ram_mem_line, ram_ptr);
, e+ |9 z7 }) D& ~6 a , D) t/ ]2 z2 q
end // for (ram_ptr = 0 ; ram_ptr < ...
: t/ r! M3 W0 l! G1 L$display("(%t) * DDR2 RAM %1d preloaded",$time, i);" @2 c+ l5 v o/ A
1 q# {7 X5 O" O# T3 {$ \0 r* V这里有两点需要注意:
5 D5 F0 W1 J4 \. x* e' M7 V; G$ [首先,program_array[]是连续线性的,但是4个device的组织不是连续线性的,所以在调用memory_write()之前一定要变成DDR2 SDRAM实际的组织形式。
# o2 I! u& W. Z+ L* I3 b$ W+ R# d3 e/ S0 L% w/ x n* \
此外,由于我们只preload了32MB,小于一个bank,所以bank的地址我们一直是2‘b00,如果以后需要仿真的程序规模超过一个bank的大小了,那么就需要修改bank地址了。
; C. {6 u6 L6 O) g) e: [3 H; s! b$ m7 M
; G4 i; ^2 w! V* F9 V
2,验证
5 L }! f8 M, @( @修改orpsocv2/sw/makefile.inc中,使之使用现成的elf文件,生成vmem文件。具体修改方法和操作步骤,之前已经介绍过了,这里不再赘述。0 p! o2 {& P" }& o7 I% S
) b2 H6 F* r0 a
执行:make rtl-test TEST=linux PRELOAD_RAM=1
( `/ o6 @ P+ j6 }2 o+ t; z! k/ n' m, I7 z9 q" f
即可得到linux的仿真结果,和实际下板的结果相同。
: d0 Q% W* m$ |- N& l% d; L; m0 H+ o' k d7 M5 G
毫无疑问,由于linux程序规模很大,如果要等到linux启动完成,需要等待很久。
1 W$ {1 z( w" f. ~% |' Q
) I) B! m1 ^- A: K* \下面是部分输出:
0 W% o9 {! }) h. J2 ?
4 x0 h7 T, z r5 | b* ^$ a1 M
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下面是仿真一晚上的结果:
( R0 [$ t" ^8 d
b" C1 S* w/ ?6 ~7 e# vsim -do {set StdArithNoWarnings 1; run -all; exit} -c -quiet -suppress 8598 tb
7 c6 E( ~; a4 \+ o5 q7 t1 y# // ModelSim SE 10.1c Jul 27 2012 Linux 3.5.0-43-generic
. c. F! i3 d4 F) W! \0 m# //
, d$ g+ E4 v* }# // Copyright 1991-2012 mentor Graphics Corporation- s: l. {% A' H: n* r$ Y: H
# // All Rights Reserved.
; A8 j8 T6 m8 v, S# //
6 D3 {" e9 O( j& R# // THIS WORK CONTAINS TRADE SECRET AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION6 E: z& X# }, c3 y' A
# // WHICH IS THE PROPERTY OF MENTOR GRAPHICS CORPORATION OR ITS
' A6 [( |! _4 g0 a* m# ^# // LICENSORS AND IS SUBJECT TO LICENSE TERMS.$ `$ m* L. r2 _; p w4 o) j5 u
# //
: [- x! y. x" z7 {; `" {0 K# set StdArithNoWarnings 1 - a$ _' O9 H5 E n/ C
# 1
/ K0 Z& S- d. \5 u+ f# run -all 3 H; ^: n) } j8 }2 ]- N+ s2 K/ D
# Block Memory Generator CORE Generator module orpsoc_testbench.dut.xilinx_ddr2_0.xilinx_ddr2_if0.cache_mem0.inst is using a behavioral model for simulation which will not precisely model memory collision behavior.
, f& E6 {3 B. Y: ?# Xilinx DDR2 MIGed controller at orpsoc_testbench.dut.xilinx_ddr2_0.xilinx_ddr2_if0.ddr2_mig0
5 ^0 _! q$ O1 k( ]2 w9 c* U#
* h; i; B" h S5 B#
* N0 l. ]; O+ G# * Starting simulation of design RTL.
3 Z% f3 {2 e( O% Q. @# * Test: linux, x/ m" b- J: Q7 Z k
# 0 r# K/ |: X( b5 G) B0 Z0 n& [
# 0.00 ns: wait phy_init_done# V) t# ^# y, V' Q1 ?
# 0.0 ps: wait phy_init_done
' j% i$ m5 {. d/ U) L+ g# 0.0 ps: wait phy_init_done. u" c- i8 a" G9 Z
# 0.0 ps: wait phy_init_done
' c& _' S! w3 B- G7 t' y# (1000.0 ps)(orpsoc_testbench.eth_phy0)PHY configured to 100 Mbps!3 R2 [+ l+ \% V. N Y
# (1000.0 ps)(orpsoc_testbench.eth_phy0)Ethernet link is up!
9 F) l5 y/ _ d1 [% t8 n$ m# Input Error : RST on instance orpsoc_testbench.dut.xilinx_ddr2_0.xilinx_ddr2_if0.ddr2_mig0.u_ddr2_infrastructure.gen_pll_adv.u_pll_adv at time 112500.0 ps must be asserted at least for 10 ns.3 M$ H) A# d% N9 c) p
# DEBUG i2c_slave; stop condition detected at 174000.0 ps
% n; ]7 [2 A2 d8 o# G# orpsoc_testbench.gen_cs[0].gen[0].u_mem0.cmd_task: at time 8525725.0 ps WARNING: 200 us is required before CKE goes active.
d: A! ^# G/ k8 s G$ w# orpsoc_testbench.gen_cs[0].gen[1].u_mem0.cmd_task: at time 8525725.0 ps WARNING: 200 us is required before CKE goes active.9 }% b* Q, B: \
# orpsoc_testbench.gen_cs[0].gen[2].u_mem0.cmd_task: at time 8525725.0 ps WARNING: 200 us is required before CKE goes active.
! r( l. _3 T$ B) S! f$ Y# orpsoc_testbench.gen_cs[0].gen[3].u_mem0.cmd_task: at time 8525725.0 ps WARNING: 200 us is required before CKE goes active.
, z, ?! }% Y* t4 L y+ y6 d" u, [# First Stage Calibration completed at time 25988000.0 ps
; x& r F, ` e3 v$ ?2 a) @# Second Stage Calibration completed at time 32918000.0 ps! {9 ~8 V. d4 ~! S( w/ ^5 I4 V
# Third Stage Calibration completed at time 40320000.0 ps
5 I+ D: p7 C9 G: l# Fourth Stage Calibration completed at time 51338000.0 ps
* y# m$ D& N8 m# C5 [5 y! d% {# Calibration completed at time 51338000.0 ps; b, {$ c: j2 @
# 53430000.0 ps: Loading DDR2
% d. l3 j8 ~6 p* f+ d2 X5 E; x+ Q# (53430000.0 ps) * DDR2 RAM 3 preloaded/ P( X' @" k! ]* y8 C' l2 p2 G
# 53430000.0 ps: Loading DDR2
: `2 p8 z) O' o* ]5 V& T4 X, i1 A6 P9 u# (53430000.0 ps) * DDR2 RAM 2 preloaded
4 ]+ f1 u7 o$ ` R6 Q A# `1 D" q# 53430000.0 ps: Loading DDR20 A& h- J$ u2 F+ \ ]
# (53430000.0 ps) * DDR2 RAM 1 preloaded
n* W$ H( i8 @ Z5 X' h4 R; ~6 s! K# 53430000.0 ps: Loading DDR2
8 I3 D: I* t& U0 ~$ B$ g$ v$ z. o# (53430000.0 ps) * DDR2 RAM 0 preloaded
4 I" C/ C& B# i; a5 O! t# Or1200 IC enabled at 7808632500.0 ps# O, V" \1 D$ H7 O- m
# Or1200 DC enabled at 7919317500.0 ps$ w: y$ z$ r5 z4 J1 i
# Compiled-in FDT at 0xc026b8a0* u- v* e2 l+ {$ v9 w2 @5 I0 G% t# [* P) ?5 Y
#
+ F6 ~5 M: q/ r4 x# Linux version 3.1.0-rc6-00002-g0da8eb1-dirty (openrisc@openrisc-VirtualBox) (gcc version 4.5.1-or32-1.0rc4 (OpenRISC 32-bit toolchain for or32-linux (built 20111017)) ) #107 Mon Mar 3 08:13:04 CET 2014, X1 n: r; T% c' P( c
# $ V' o$ q- p% V4 v" X7 N( x% _6 F
# CPU: OpenRISC-12 (revision 8) @66 MHz
1 B- s+ `# e0 M/ ~ _" \' N#
8 a# z( C; j0 C1 K! {# -- dcache: 32768 bytes total, 32 bytes/line, 1 way(s)
- b7 r9 H9 Q0 o/ d" A$ f3 o5 _#
/ J$ m2 u+ a$ c6 G& t# -- icache: 32768 bytes total, 32 bytes/line, 1 way(s)( u7 N- q; ?7 h- |( l
#
; ?* y( j* u) f0 N+ Q( S6 k# -- dmmu: 64 entries, 1 way(s)
1 ^4 V. M" l3 F' |: k0 @0 p( f. G#
6 o2 I! j3 i8 k' L1 o, i3 z# -- immu: 64 entries, 1 way(s)" m9 X, U/ X4 @- z( j* E4 j7 y
#
5 I# R5 C) y+ I# -- additional features:
+ t1 s8 ~( a; F, I9 O1 I5 ^" z#
" y1 Z- ~4 Q2 {# -- debug unit5 b9 ? J0 Y% \2 t$ o9 F" N
# & j" v- i3 q: T$ s2 F
# -- PIC
2 C/ M: {' R$ A1 o1 @# / N8 Y/ j) @2 S, a
# -- timer9 z$ V. d U* ?) i5 w9 A3 u# }( Q
# 5 r2 ]( o# Y0 D: u0 {
# setup_memory: Memory: 0x0-0x20000004 @' I, k0 |( [2 k" N, y, V
#
0 w W& ~+ {& |# T2 ~4 J) J# Reserved - 0x01ffd9dc-0x00002624; Q3 r b: Y& O: j, [0 f+ z
#
$ S- V9 B6 h4 d4 n# Setting up paging and PTEs.5 c6 K' ^2 ~2 l- h2 n: L
# % x6 O) T+ n" |6 f: X2 o6 a9 C! v q
# map_ram: Memory: 0x0-0x2000000, Y- R" X/ i! a4 U1 f
# ) y/ \4 W/ C2 E- K$ ?
# On node 0 totalpages: 40961 w9 f' L& M7 i
#
) K) C8 ?3 u9 v W5 d0 ^# free_area_init_node: node 0, pgdat c02525b8, node_mem_map c03cc000
- e# J" q4 z! D& q5 v0 }# 4 b: p8 \; I! ]; \0 h9 A
# Normal zone: 16 pages used for memmap
" k+ C t! y' h0 j, Y# ! L, h7 B* ] L; ~2 y2 F
# Normal zone: 0 pages reserved
$ F& ~ F1 m* @3 J) Q# 1 m; D( E5 u# c& }
# Normal zone: 4080 pages, LIFO batch:0
) y) e, ]0 a, {( a0 I; B& ^1 {6 E#
$ I* I2 y1 t+ i# dtlb_miss_handler c0002000
1 c. y+ J$ F6 T6 v# 4 ^) y. j, f8 c
# itlb_miss_handler c00021081 E6 d+ S, h0 Z. ?3 ]8 X
# - ~1 T) F* L2 N6 S6 c& F
# OpenRISC Linux -- http://openrisc.net4 p& F7 j0 J7 U
# . r: I5 v$ e6 t, `, a* d9 F
# pcpu-alloc: s0 r0 d32768 u32768 alloc=1*32768
8 o8 n: j" ?/ a- G3 g#
$ }4 x3 ~2 k7 m: [ Y8 Q# pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 / B/ U0 h' i5 k* A" i5 Y
# , ]- G8 S$ P. o- Q' d
# Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping off. Total pages: 4080
- k* ?5 W4 D6 Q- `' R" k) b# : B7 A% H4 p# I: {
# Kernel command line: console=uart,mmio,0x90000000,115200. F( x2 X( M$ m c5 D0 ]7 L
# / o2 D; }8 j, I3 F& ?
# Early serial console at MMIO 0x90000000 (options '115200')
3 z* b. S' M+ y t: @$ u9 R#
) U/ G8 l$ I' v* K9 e: S6 x# bootconsole [uart0] enabled
# g8 q# `* f7 e; _1 f# & \9 D) n) h1 P
# PID hash table entries: 128 (order: -4, 512 bytes)7 e+ L6 t1 z' N# W7 ]5 O
#
) o7 l3 L3 j3 f) r% L2 e# Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 1, 16384 bytes)- T" K" O2 N9 I# {6 \; o
#
, {0 P/ ~) @$ f5 W- I# Inode-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 0, 8192 bytes)
/ l3 D+ v9 {/ t/ ?( [# 9 e7 l; ]; S0 L$ k
# Memory: 28648k/32768k available (2064k kernel code, 4120k reserved, 316k data, 1416k init, 0k highmem)
+ M2 V# k3 y$ l& n1 |' A* U9 `#
! F) K: j! I, Z! K# mem_init_done ...........................................
3 O6 J/ s I' q3 D% t, L' W# - @, E m0 V# M2 ?, K5 Q+ P; e* K
# NR_IRQS:32
% P. V6 X1 X ^1 L7 w5 }! E6 S) U#
4 q/ S! w: m- U5 g# 133.33 BogoMIPS (lpj=666666)5 H' W" n. _) U8 U2 \! L. C5 @1 c$ b
# ; x1 |( w& L, k1 Q
# pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301" u0 S3 Y. l: [7 @3 M7 t
# + H. J' _% N+ l+ l
# Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024
, L1 P5 a4 I; u. F7 E# - u* ~, v+ x. T4 t5 u
# devtmpfs: initialized
. ^+ i6 N# {1 K$ x" d0 E+ c#
3 h, O y$ |, q% Q* B- \/ Z# NET: Registered protocol family 16' n( z% E3 ?# r- [2 R) L
#
+ F. X* L% {4 W( l$ M& _$ F# Switching to clocksource openrisc_timer( X2 i( N% C4 I# y
#
* m# v' E1 N7 c* R' N# f8 m# Switched to NOHz mode on CPU #0$ k7 M$ w( m: V% J" W
#
* i& A1 x" Q7 G, o" x# NET: Registered protocol family 24 ?+ G$ Y2 \4 V( a
# 8 n1 u& `7 f+ k/ }% @' i
# IP route cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 0, 8192 bytes)
F6 S' `0 c4 x) R5 L( m# 9 A, \9 l' R, R5 F" c. O
# TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 8192 bytes)
2 q5 j X: S( U+ C$ Z+ M. ?7 r#
1 S; J+ o* J/ w2 v# `& e* P8 p2 ~& C# TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: -1, 4096 bytes)# t P4 z5 o l5 k0 r, H; C
#
6 }6 S$ x# D2 |7 G" c5 D# TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)) d/ p- _- y1 z/ h
# 5 c% m, Q) Q, ^7 F; \8 U
# TCP reno registered
+ P: U/ R& X S5 M' C8 E# 0 G- Q8 ^) S R; W" \
# UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 8192 bytes)
+ y) R9 _% n2 Y0 T7 g1 R r# A#
/ h, H9 {( u& s n. V3 T3 M# UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 8192 bytes)
2 i' |7 W8 a. ?( t5 {% R& r& ?* {#
( u C+ {, h& I; d5 V0 w# NET: Registered protocol family 1
, z" j; J" o4 R$ N( ?, D# 9 T" K, p3 B) Z* N# {5 U& T
# RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
5 Q# p2 L2 ]' B& j#
M8 o+ @8 M. a8 }2 ~+ }/ }4 o# RPC: Registered udp transport module.
7 j6 ~( L- \# B ]4 a$ A# \, X, ]! i#
$ [. E8 u9 y; w: q" B9 N, |" n# RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
/ ?: H; C( H( A$ i% g#
2 ?2 t; m" Y) ^9 j G# RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
* V. N5 Z( w h# F6 x5 o#
3 M/ \# f1 }& H9 L! x0 X% d# Unpacking initramfs
* h0 {2 x3 V5 Q; V! c2 |$ n2 p0 H' ^/ n#
- D/ H6 X) b0 W/ I) \: ]* q# Break key hit " L0 ^4 U. K; r' j
# Break at an unknown location
, t' H$ R( w6 B0 O5 s# exit ?9 I* ^% i' {5 T
6 w- o q$ x' x2 e6 p/ z
# w+ e e2 \ j$ T3,小结
1 g, f9 T, M* u8 D- L- ^之前搞嵌入式,linux的启动信息很熟悉,但是如果想知道linux启动过程中,硬件的具体工作时序,几乎是不可能的,现在板子上所有设备的每个clock的状态,通过RTL仿真,即可实现。
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