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本帖最后由 ANkeer 于 2020-11-11 14:32 编辑 4 [' r9 g2 J7 Z1 b! v- i
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本小节,我们将实现在ML501平台上对linux进行RTL仿真。
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1,DDR2仿真模型的修改
" W2 i9 `1 T- l针对ML501的ORPSoC工程中,默认配置的DDR2的仿真模型与实际板子上使用的DDR2 SDRAM的参数不一致,我们要进行修改。
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a,实际内存参数
( E7 x( C* T9 g9 {, a# n9 a要想对DDR2 SDRAM的仿真模型进行修改,我们首先要弄明白几个概念。
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RANK,BANK,row,,column。这几个都是逻辑上的概念。
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此外还有channel,module,chip,device等物理上的概念。. o; Q& y0 g2 e q+ c
2 T, _4 a6 c/ x: T" A# l4 ?, h* {对于ML501使用的DDR2 SDRAM来说,其具体参数如下所示:0 k, Q* U# |9 K( F+ q# b$ P% R, c; r- X
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通过查看内存条,我们可以看到如下内容:MT4HTF3264HY-667F1 1RX16 256MB PC-5300S,4 W' q: A0 p7 H' y: s
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其中3263是指内存条的organization:32Megx64,x64表示整个内存条的数据线(DQ)宽度是64bit。
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5 C; K. B8 e- d3 L( }8 [667表示内存条的speed grade。PC-5300也是speed grade。: q1 ~8 J4 h. [& c* R( B
. r; z# L, O; S) {* A6 n1RX16表示内存条上面的4个device,每个数据宽度是16,16X4正好是64bit。
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$ o: A% h* }, G+ v [256MB,毫无疑问,表示内存条的容量是256M bytes。
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通过内存条上面的标示,我们就可以获得很多信息,此外,通过查看其数据手册,我们会得到更详细的参数:
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RANK:是single rank。, |5 _7 A- l2 v- J6 I2 n$ R( l# s
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BANK:BA是2bit,说明bank数量是4,每个bank的大小是256MB/4=64MB。
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row:宽度是[12:0],一共13bit。
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column:宽度是[9:0],一共10bit。+ x* u4 y; K C
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, ~2 s& A" A! fb,仿真模型参数
4 A0 V. u6 c" K$ W确定了我们实际使用的内存条的参数之后,我们就可以修改仿真模型的具体参数了。
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需要注意的是ddr2_model.v只是一个timing model,具体的storage,需要我们自己根据实际情况来定。8 [: T! v% F8 e& y; h
# q) G. Y# `# }6 P1 s+ J# T) \; V这里需要修改的是MEM_BITS,由于ddr2_model.v是一个device的仿真模型,每个device中包含4个四分之一的bank,共64MB,所以对于如下定义:
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d0 {; I" F7 k+ f% W- Q // Memory Storage& z: G1 j2 J. o% |6 [& X) V3 W$ v5 a
`ifdef MAX_MEM7 l' V9 r# i* s7 K/ J4 s
reg [BL_MAX*DQ_BITS-1:0] memory [0:`MAX_SIZE-1];
* D7 G0 H8 R( Q$ \: D2 d`else// [8 * 16 -1:0] [0:(1<<22) -1]==>26bit==>64MB/ | i8 j& y" \2 f4 S
reg [BL_MAX*DQ_BITS-1:0] memory [0:`MEM_SIZE-1];7 Y7 M4 j5 Q0 [/ r0 W# p7 I: G) H
reg [`MAX_BITS-1:0] address [0:`MEM_SIZE-1];* D9 a: w3 N& \. E) ^8 Y
reg [MEM_BITS:0] memory_index;
9 T2 Q# ?3 R4 f reg [MEM_BITS:0] memory_used;
( q+ r) b8 n" K7 N# I`endif# N$ e7 I4 T$ Z0 t% [
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我们需要定义MEM_BITS为22,如下所示:. D9 `) f4 _9 E
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完整的参数,如下所示:
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/ l: P- I3 ]0 ]$ Y/****************************************************************************************
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; Q4 [. A7 i$ f" W* X" Z* Copyright 2003 Micron Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.7 Z2 A9 T4 g& e* c. E
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. D% _0 W4 z* W! v" F4 ~****************************************************************************************/
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4 U) M" C5 z1 W; a$ \# B0 d- N // Parameters current with 512Mb datasheet rev N& W' j+ K3 ~* n2 @/ k8 e
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// Timing parameters based on Speed Grade
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// SYMBOL UNITS DESCRIPTION
9 j0 ]% K7 B) `. L0 \' \/ o`define sg37E 3 G3 Q: z+ I1 D$ z, v
`define x16, S% O+ f: {$ j
//`define MAX_MEM
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`ifdef sg37E
/ S4 E) p/ A6 A+ B. M* X parameter TCK_MIN = 3750; // tCK ps Minimum Clock Cycle Time
/ A8 b0 |4 l( B: Z/ F parameter TJIT_PER = 125; // tJIT(per) ps Period JItter/ I! D, f- C' ^
parameter TJIT_DUTY = 125; // tJIT(duty) ps Half Period Jitter
7 q! l9 W( M; j' c8 e# O7 d parameter TJIT_CC = 250; // tJIT(cc) ps Cycle to Cycle jitter
A! b0 F9 m3 X" i Q7 ` parameter TERR_2PER = 175; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (2-cycle)) ]3 P; d' m1 g A& Z2 P) G. C8 L! e
parameter TERR_3PER = 225; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (3-cycle)! W. M2 X- q4 _: N$ C
parameter TERR_4PER = 250; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (4-cycle)! B1 w3 m. d( q; y: n ^
parameter TERR_5PER = 250; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (5-cycle)+ Q- F2 |+ G: ^& w% p
parameter TERR_N1PER = 350; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (6-10-cycle)
+ z. |+ H3 Y3 ?% m- [. u parameter TERR_N2PER = 450; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (11-50-cycle)0 k- d- Y. q% u9 Y! `! R& L
parameter TQHS = 400; // tQHS ps Data hold skew factor1 b6 r6 g/ A4 P2 q' X
parameter TAC = 500; // tAC ps DQ output access time from CK/CK#5 T. c* Q' k+ S* l$ p2 v
parameter TDS = 100; // tDS ps DQ and DM input setup time relative to DQS3 o" [( Z; {( ?2 M: l+ D. t
parameter TDH = 225; // tDH ps DQ and DM input hold time relative to DQS
6 }0 Z0 J: O3 G1 A* ` parameter TDQSCK = 450; // tDQSCK ps DQS output access time from CK/CK#1 K8 B; d' W5 ~7 ~' [# z2 D2 q
parameter TDQSQ = 300; // tDQSQ ps DQS-DQ skew, DQS to last DQ valid, per group, per access: \; l! a5 S* e
parameter TIS = 250; // tIS ps Input Setup Time p2 l0 G' p6 L' X
parameter TIH = 375; // tIH ps Input Hold Time
0 I# P( Z: J, c* j, w0 I parameter TRC = 55000; // tRC ps Active to Active/Auto Refresh command time* E G8 `& q: V+ Z, M! D, h/ `7 h
parameter TRCD = 15000; // tRCD ps Active to Read/Write command time
5 p! n5 \* d n+ j parameter TWTR = 7500; // tWTR ps Write to Read command delay
% V7 V5 O y7 T' G& b( z parameter TRP = 15000; // tRP ps Precharge command period
; ]& z9 b8 F! Z1 g parameter TRPA = 15000; // tRPA ps Precharge All period. a) s& F; I9 E* K2 ^
parameter TXARDS = 6; // tXARDS tCK Exit low power active power down to a read command
- ?, ?0 l" G/ N8 \ parameter TXARD = 2; // tXARD tCK Exit active power down to a read command
# |6 p! j$ s" e: ?1 |- Q/ Q1 ~' y parameter TXP = 2; // tXP tCK Exit power down to a non-read command8 {" X& r9 c! f+ ? r1 H( Q& h2 u4 W% F0 m
parameter TANPD = 3; // tANPD tCK ODT to power-down entry latency& K$ X1 ~, f0 q% ]' R& m1 x7 }
parameter TAXPD = 8; // tAXPD tCK ODT power-down exit latency0 q8 M3 P, w+ Q8 j5 B
parameter CL_TIME = 15000; // CL ps Minimum CAS Latency
; F% Q, B. u6 q1 k) G! [& |`endif // ------ ----- -----------. |8 Q6 F0 n2 e' m4 A
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`ifdef x165 i% V, q* h$ K. F# Z- X' s, g
`ifdef sg37E* I7 Y7 \, O( t9 S% i
parameter TFAW = 50000; // tFAW ps Four Bank Activate window6 s9 ~0 o9 Z. X$ w3 f6 c* l5 L
`endif
) ~4 U# f4 j _) \# O$ M`endif9 p2 C e4 r; n& W% y' ?: S
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// Timing Parameters& h' K2 y, a3 W+ n
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// Mode Register
+ r2 Y( E( O$ {5 G6 e, ^ parameter AL_MIN = 0; // AL tCK Minimum Additive Latency$ q0 Q1 x7 `: X* L, I
parameter AL_MAX = 6; // AL tCK Maximum Additive Latency
. \# s( p# [& m3 o parameter CL_MIN = 3; // CL tCK Minimum CAS Latency
?7 Z# o4 x; {3 [& Q parameter CL_MAX = 7; // CL tCK Maximum CAS Latency9 l5 S8 r4 a. s0 |
parameter WR_MIN = 2; // WR tCK Minimum Write Recovery
4 k) }, N% a$ R" j parameter WR_MAX = 8; // WR tCK Maximum Write Recovery
% n- l& {! u, e% w8 o( M) z parameter BL_MIN = 4; // BL tCK Minimum Burst Length
2 J- i5 H+ o$ P8 V parameter BL_MAX = 8; // BL tCK Minimum Burst Length3 p: r) c P% z0 L
// Clock9 U! ~* p8 @6 R. N; g
parameter TCK_MAX = 8000; // tCK ps Maximum Clock Cycle Time8 l9 I; A% q1 E' U* v$ A/ m
parameter TCH_MIN = 0.48; // tCH tCK Minimum Clock High-Level Pulse Width
7 C) K e9 U* _/ O parameter TCH_MAX = 0.52; // tCH tCK Maximum Clock High-Level Pulse Width
9 L% Y) O% J2 U parameter TCL_MIN = 0.48; // tCL tCK Minimum Clock Low-Level Pulse Width
5 r3 H( ^' U" I& C# Z parameter TCL_MAX = 0.52; // tCL tCK Maximum Clock Low-Level Pulse Width
, B2 b V* q( P0 R$ { // Data6 z0 f, m! S- {* U( Q- a; G2 m' _ R# g
parameter TLZ = TAC; // tLZ ps Data-out low-impedance window from CK/CK#
! b8 c6 o6 F8 s8 P parameter THZ = TAC; // tHZ ps Data-out high impedance window from CK/CK#, \" k: j" G: |7 ~; B6 Z2 f
parameter TDIPW = 0.35; // tDIPW tCK DQ and DM input Pulse Width9 n, E. z5 j# o2 N: ~ A R9 Z
// Data Strobe
: R: R* b# L: ]7 n parameter TDQSH = 0.35; // tDQSH tCK DQS input High Pulse Width' U. w4 [0 e3 m! m
parameter TDQSL = 0.35; // tDQSL tCK DQS input Low Pulse Width) |* {4 w- q. c. |
parameter TDSS = 0.20; // tDSS tCK DQS falling edge to CLK rising (setup time)* |: `/ V E, x. o$ P1 J
parameter TDSH = 0.20; // tDSH tCK DQS falling edge from CLK rising (hold time)
7 M" Y& u1 \! d( Y2 D4 L* e parameter TWPRE = 0.35; // tWPRE tCK DQS Write Preamble
( j5 ?: j9 \: H parameter TWPST = 0.40; // tWPST tCK DQS Write Postamble7 e( Z6 [7 |" e/ e
parameter TDQSS = 0.25; // tDQSS tCK Rising clock edge to DQS/DQS# latching transition
" D8 P) K# c/ A2 a1 f3 k // Command and Address- \7 q0 L$ Z5 O, F0 K
parameter TIPW = 0.6; // tIPW tCK Control and Address input Pulse Width i" Z+ j [% N+ H; F
parameter TCCD = 2; // tCCD tCK Cas to Cas command delay) S( g/ G9 l3 w/ ~; F/ @3 m
parameter TRAS_MIN = 40000; // tRAS ps Minimum Active to Precharge command time
8 N; w6 |8 p- k9 L5 z, k' F I parameter TRAS_MAX =70000000; // tRAS ps Maximum Active to Precharge command time
$ F5 \# r+ o8 c6 O) l: E" s0 o# A parameter TRTP = 7500; // tRTP ps Read to Precharge command delay; W& e0 |& V' V9 U; S" b9 q
parameter TWR = 15000; // tWR ps Write recovery time
- K: w& @2 O, ]8 m parameter TMRD = 2; // tMRD tCK Load Mode Register command cycle time: G" j) k0 R1 L8 F2 w. `
parameter TDLLK = 200; // tDLLK tCK DLL locking time4 O5 c8 S1 @5 y7 E. i
// Refresh4 l$ K' \) M1 ]. d) [* M5 ^
parameter TRFC_MIN = 105000; // tRFC ps Refresh to Refresh Command interval minimum value5 c) @+ l! A7 J& L
parameter TRFC_MAX =70000000; // tRFC ps Refresh to Refresh Command Interval maximum value
7 X4 v: u# U$ {& l- }/ ~2 U // Self Refresh# e: Q+ J& b6 [
parameter TXSNR = TRFC_MIN + 10000; // tXSNR ps Exit self refesh to a non-read command5 T/ f6 E/ l5 o, u; S$ x3 p F" h
parameter TXSRD = 200; // tXSRD tCK Exit self refresh to a read command- i8 H# t3 u( A' Z/ H. U, n" a
parameter TISXR = TIS; // tISXR ps CKE setup time during self refresh exit.
6 E0 T1 _" C" ~% R5 M. Q( n3 g3 ?& E // ODT
* |" W& E" i5 D6 U8 ]9 i parameter TAOND = 2; // tAOND tCK ODT turn-on delay
e {5 P2 z6 Z9 y parameter TAOFD = 2.5; // tAOFD tCK ODT turn-off delay% k" l5 Z$ q5 c/ k! \
parameter TAONPD = 2000; // tAONPD ps ODT turn-on (precharge power-down mode)3 u0 ?# w' ?5 X
parameter TAOFPD = 2000; // tAOFPD ps ODT turn-off (precharge power-down mode)7 R* V2 P1 P# M2 V3 q
parameter TMOD = 12000; // tMOD ps ODT enable in EMR to ODT pin transition2 x; g7 n& ?. g' O8 [+ e8 x, e
// Power Down
( m7 O2 L/ w6 [ parameter TCKE = 3; // tCKE tCK CKE minimum high or low pulse width/ U% `( `1 N. X, g
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// Size Parameters based on Part Width
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`ifdef x16
# b. f0 e5 x! M s parameter ADDR_BITS = 13; // Address Bits
! y* ~5 S/ l0 y# d0 ? J; h0 U parameter ROW_BITS = 13; // Number of Address bits( u8 e; ]; w: w( ]9 `
parameter COL_BITS = 10; // Number of Column bits, B7 E7 v, B" O3 v3 W
parameter DM_BITS = 2; // Number of Data Mask bits
2 V( [8 M0 g' I$ u7 } parameter DQ_BITS = 16; // Number of Data bits) a$ m/ V" m7 U8 q" Q7 Q
parameter DQS_BITS = 2; // Number of Dqs bits
9 ~. j* X; |0 H( m' n; P7 e parameter TRRD = 10000; // tRRD Active bank a to Active bank b command time
, O$ x1 Q* w5 `8 r# W* l+ d( m`endif. {) D$ |5 s4 i; t; ?
8 d' w: A" l( Q+ q: Q`ifdef QUAD_RANK
8 x$ R b8 ]4 S `define DUAL_RANK // also define DUAL_RANK
( H0 ?# M# n/ A- D1 s- W parameter CS_BITS = 4; // Number of Chip Select Bits0 f) `, U/ O6 v3 u
parameter RANKS = 4; // Number of Chip Select Bits
/ V1 F. ^5 s0 ?) F`else `ifdef DUAL_RANK; f; U7 M4 ]4 L2 x7 ] }8 o
parameter CS_BITS = 2; // Number of Chip Select Bits
7 g$ l% T; o+ i) a+ k# ? parameter RANKS = 2; // Number of Chip Select Bits
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parameter CS_BITS = 2; // Number of Chip Select Bits
^! K8 p* [7 Q: [6 w# K parameter RANKS = 1; // Number of Chip Select Bits! M) w( y, `# Z+ s! o( q
`endif `endif3 _( ]8 ?6 H6 {& ^
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// Size Parameters; N; j! _, P( q8 X
parameter BA_BITS = 2; // Set this pARMaeter to control how many Bank Address bits8 B# ~" M0 A3 }4 h! `% L) r
// if MEM_BITS== 14, a DQ=16 each part, DQ=64 total (4 parts) => 1MB total (256KB each)# j2 k }6 h9 A7 o; K# Q
// if MEM_BITS== 15, a DQ=16 each part, DQ=64 total (4 parts) => 2MB total (512KB each)
- F D2 u9 V7 ^( l4 V2 B// if MEM_BITS== 16, a DQ=16 each part, DQ=64 total (4 parts) => 4MB total (1MB each)
0 d# b1 |/ |8 {. p. r5 [// if MEM_BITS== 17, a DQ=16 each part, DQ=64 total (4 parts) => 8MB total (2MB each), j9 ~3 b/ s0 u0 O* m
//parameter MEM_BITS = 14; // Number of write data bursts can be stored in memory. The default is 2^10=1024.
2 S+ U* k; [3 N: v7 X# y/ Y parameter MEM_BITS = 22; // Number of write data bursts can be stored in memory. //256MB total(64MB each),Rill modify from 17 to 22 140410
! b8 a3 [3 R; q; b; @ parameter AP = 10; // the address bit that controls auto-precharge and precharge-all# Y% F1 [. d" k' q) C
parameter BL_BITS = 3; // the number of bits required to count to MAX_BL* U. @+ y- p) ~- d7 i7 v
parameter BO_BITS = 2; // the number of Burst Order Bits
# q3 g0 d X. o6 B! i p5 T% Q/ m/ k% n
// Simulation parameters
/ K( c4 @9 b- w1 F+ w1 X+ x# F parameter STOP_ON_ERROR = 1; // If set to 1, the model will halt on command sequence/major errors
t/ Y+ U" ]& X0 e3 U7 p parameter DEBUG = 0; // Turn on Debug messages* L" w" P1 Z ^3 y0 v" s4 y7 X! `: _
parameter BUS_DELAY = 0; // delay in nanoseconds
, w0 F2 i( [- v% @- L1 Y# m parameter RANDOM_OUT_DELAY = 0; // If set to 1, the model will put a random amount of delay on DQ/DQS during reads
& e: u( c9 \9 P' S parameter RANDOM_SEED = 711689044; //seed value for random generator.$ q' Z6 I6 H# E% m, R7 Q
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parameter RDQSEN_PRE = 2; // DQS driving time prior to first read strobe) |: [( t6 G1 q
parameter RDQSEN_PST = 1; // DQS driving time after last read strobe
2 q' s2 o3 Q, r: @* w( f# h) ? parameter RDQS_PRE = 2; // DQS low time prior to first read strobe" r0 J" t5 [0 P2 s
parameter RDQS_PST = 1; // DQS low time after last valid read strobe# a/ w+ M$ [+ e( E. w0 S
parameter RDQEN_PRE = 0; // DQ/DM driving time prior to first read data
$ T U2 ]$ ^4 g/ @3 p: e parameter RDQEN_PST = 0; // DQ/DM driving time after last read data
' [ f6 P7 N; \$ s# @ w parameter WDQS_PRE = 1; // DQS half clock periods prior to first write strobe* K1 N l6 C5 Y4 v- M8 \: \. f" l9 n
parameter WDQS_PST = 1; // DQS half clock periods after last valid write strobe9 m# l+ W5 U! u8 w5 F# ?; Q
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c,preload的修改2 O g. a B# T% @' {
目前,我们已经建立的和实际硬件一致的仿真模型,但是我们在仿真前,要把linux的镜像实现load到仿真模型中才行,这就需要了解DDR2 SDRAM的内部组织结构,了解BL_MAX,BL_BITS,DQ_BITS等参数的具体含义,了解DDR2 SDRAM的读写过程和时序。这些内容请参考《memory system - cache dram disk》一书。这里不再赘述。
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1 `* e) f) M- C2 ?$ i对于仿真linux而言,由于编译时指定的内存大小是32MB,所以,我在preload时也只load32MB,一个bank是64MB,所以我们只需要load bank0即可,但是bank0是分布在4个device里的。
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' u d6 W% R0 n; p% S: C下面是修改后的orpsoc_testbench.v的部分代码:# ~+ x" H/ I! ^8 t/ k5 n3 j
" q" i0 r# _) ~7 V- g( u
`ifdef XILINX_DDR2# D& [8 V% F/ T7 Z- S$ P
`ifndef GATE_SIM
9 [' u/ j3 C" _4 t Z: w' g" ? defparam dut.xilinx_ddr2_0.xilinx_ddr2_if0.ddr2_mig0.SIM_ONLY = 1;! G. o# I9 `( @* ~: z) G5 U
`endif
# w1 ?5 y6 V5 f+ L$ j7 ?. h
2 q) Z( G' j3 t5 i always @( * ) begin D" V+ [& T/ H/ t
ddr2_ck_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_ck_FPGA;
( X) c; w- P7 H2 _ ddr2_ck_n_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_ck_n_fpga;
) O z" z* A7 I7 e% f ddr2_a_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_a_fpga;6 O% M) b6 t6 _5 _
ddr2_ba_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_ba_fpga;
5 |% I/ e' R" r! l+ @0 L) J6 m3 Z ddr2_ras_n_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_ras_n_fpga;
8 p p- \/ ^$ k; ^ D$ t ddr2_cas_n_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_cas_n_fpga;6 g! g* z. \. f* Z
ddr2_we_n_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_we_n_fpga;
- P4 ], T" C6 N# h ~5 T1 u. t ddr2_cs_n_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_cs_n_fpga;
* q7 r8 N7 ]0 t5 Z9 Z ddr2_cke_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_cke_fpga; k+ h9 ^! e. d! b; E. W# `. p/ }
ddr2_odt_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_odt_fpga;7 }+ t/ a; [) U5 [* b" U
ddr2_dm_sdram_tmp <= #(TPROP_PCB_DATA) ddr2_dm_fpga;//DM signal generation$ A; q! W! v; L1 P0 m* f6 T7 p m1 [
end // always @ ( * )
1 o( t9 a. N, v; N' r 0 c& C1 J/ X+ B9 @7 |
// Model delays on bi-directional BUS1 D/ k% i$ N. R
genvar dqwd;
- G' q& E8 j' p o generate6 ^" a4 S) m; O5 y8 ]: j/ ^
for (dqwd = 0;dqwd < DQ_WIDTH;dqwd = dqwd+1) begin : dq_delay
7 M g, }9 b9 P p. U4 A7 \ wiredelay #
% B; `/ }( |) Q, P m: G (
8 m4 g, a1 ?1 O9 ?+ R; w4 f .Delay_g (TPROP_PCB_DATA),. x2 j9 C8 C7 F H* w7 Y: @
.Delay_rd (TPROP_PCB_DATA_RD)
1 U, {. w) `& W) Y, P+ _ )
1 g, [5 g# ~' Y- y6 ? u_delay_dq0 H, y& V* y% h" T) N7 }' ?* K
(3 B1 f- i& J! |& ~% X
.A (ddr2_dq_fpga[dqwd]),
' v* b L% ]4 A7 s .B (ddr2_dq_sdram[dqwd]),+ q: f6 h# O% e5 ~. t6 V
.reset (rst_n)
1 \( }7 r$ T- q );
4 |+ e# U/ I$ U9 m end
5 }5 ~- v7 l+ d7 j5 W endgenerate5 Z, `1 i( r& d0 T5 x; a
+ p+ p" x$ o* _ ^/ K
genvar dqswd;
$ r* x8 _) ~1 D; j0 I* m- y generate
7 a$ G/ s" J3 h( [, N" m for (dqswd = 0;dqswd < DQS_WIDTH;dqswd = dqswd+1) begin : dqs_delay( s( b" `, R7 s u
wiredelay #& Y4 j: U" T/ e% S
(4 S, O$ m0 A6 V0 ]0 L
.Delay_g (TPROP_DQS),
8 y, N* w6 A% m) R8 A0 } .Delay_rd (TPROP_DQS_RD)* G8 b0 y& S( c3 h# g$ j; _
)
- S% q( l- I4 v5 U: ` u_delay_dqs
: r% J. B7 H! k c' v7 _ (
8 n# M5 D- W' R: }( |4 J: g .A (ddr2_dqs_fpga[dqswd]),
$ M# d) s. e7 Y0 } .B (ddr2_dqs_sdram[dqswd]),
3 F& V+ D4 G" ^ .reset (rst_n)
/ R) f! a$ }8 b4 G$ i: d );% t7 g# P6 \2 a* ?" |0 }
( |) y/ K4 z6 C wiredelay #
0 E6 L8 g+ ~" j* n! j (" e8 n2 M6 k& Q N5 ]# z+ @
.Delay_g (TPROP_DQS),- p5 h$ u+ l9 I1 ?( n
.Delay_rd (TPROP_DQS_RD)% q# Q+ p( m% |2 [7 @9 s* N
)# \ W2 Q A7 M- z
u_delay_dqs_n
! ?5 `' b1 K9 u% n, w" U$ ^ (
6 |# i& J7 B6 y E: f% h( |# V .A (ddr2_dqs_n_fpga[dqswd])," f5 f$ I5 J% L& w8 ?( ?: d
.B (ddr2_dqs_n_sdram[dqswd]),3 w+ x, g: o0 W
.reset (rst_n)
2 u5 F( Z6 Q& S6 F );+ g$ ]2 _. o( G8 d, q
end
4 K1 K* s) W5 O endgenerate0 S; [! ]3 e, A5 W
/ v! @' z; U4 \1 d1 r6 u; Y; K" d assign ddr2_dm_sdram = ddr2_dm_sdram_tmp;
$ g) ]* b& u3 a* J7 t* D //parameter NUM_PROGRAM_WORDS=1048576; 2 M3 |$ D, p* u4 f7 R0 j
parameter NUM_PROGRAM_WORDS=8388608; //Rill modify from 1048576
& h" c4 m2 F& e- B" X integer ram_ptr, program_word_ptr, k;
7 p+ @5 S3 C7 }1 q. _ reg [31:0] tmp_program_word;
" s3 d9 ?9 j& x1 G, k$ o8 m2 J reg [31:0] program_array [0:NUM_PROGRAM_WORDS-1]; // 1M words = 4MB//8M words = 32MB
. ?; D" x9 v: [0 x/ o+ q reg [8*16-1:0] ddr2_ram_mem_line; //8*16-bits= 8 shorts (half-words)
" z/ G* ^, l, [5 j genvar i, j;
5 B7 E1 r8 K l; ?! n' ] generate
5 O1 `/ w& ?! Q/ O& P // if the data width is multiple of 166 @; X8 I7 ^; _2 |; \9 K1 `/ r
for(j = 0; j < CS_NUM; j = j+1) begin : gen_cs // Loop of 11 M4 Q, |( m. F% ^$ `& O
for(i = 0; i < DQS_WIDTH/2; i = i+1) begin : gen // Loop of 4 (DQS_WIDTH=8)5 g/ U5 D/ L% W' \0 M0 ?
initial
; p& k) I& V \) J begin2 s, D/ i6 i& q1 b6 X, Z5 j' L" ~
`ifdef PRELOAD_RAM6 g0 |8 d* H- v4 g9 C# s7 O) U
`include "ddr2_model_preload.v"5 t/ j- W" ]1 R4 I
`endif
% _$ g( ?( j- o5 G' T end6 x% n; l1 A3 M2 E
! ]: i0 d4 m) y4 u0 K ddr2_model u_mem0+ a+ i8 }4 i8 H( Y
(
1 s, b/ o c6 f7 N .ck (ddr2_ck_sdram[CLK_WIDTH*i/DQS_WIDTH]),, i9 F5 U! s0 I7 ]: ]
.ck_n (ddr2_ck_n_sdram[CLK_WIDTH*i/DQS_WIDTH]),
6 ^6 ]9 P4 X. o' Y; Y .cke (ddr2_cke_sdram[j]),
. h3 R9 {) S( k1 i. d9 D/ ~ .cs_n (ddr2_cs_n_sdram[CS_WIDTH*i/DQS_WIDTH]),
* V: \3 n4 j9 y! @ S .ras_n (ddr2_ras_n_sdram),7 N: O' D( f9 Y( {" T
.cas_n (ddr2_cas_n_sdram),3 E0 o! b+ {# o2 u9 l: x
.we_n (ddr2_we_n_sdram),5 ]7 W# J9 G J
.dm_rdqs (ddr2_dm_sdram[(2*(i+1))-1 : i*2]),
5 [5 @6 h. T1 C8 z .ba (ddr2_ba_sdram),
& |+ L) |. o8 ]9 u# W) \: o .addr (ddr2_a_sdram),
$ c& ] U9 `2 j$ O/ {* o+ G .dq (ddr2_dq_sdram[(16*(i+1))-1 : i*16]),
9 X% g0 P1 T$ e8 O( L .dqs (ddr2_dqs_sdram[(2*(i+1))-1 : i*2]),3 K* q( E5 A u. X( ?( I n
.dqs_n (ddr2_dqs_n_sdram[(2*(i+1))-1 : i*2]),2 N# f- c3 A. A. X2 ~. g
.rdqs_n (),5 T6 q* n% P/ i* i C( n
.odt (ddr2_odt_sdram[ODT_WIDTH*i/DQS_WIDTH])
5 j2 d1 ]4 \( L );
- m& u; H" j5 d3 n5 a" Z end
1 f( f& @' m0 L N$ n" W8 `; k9 U end
+ |4 |, @* ]" c1 M0 z, p endgenerate
0 r7 }8 _& {, A4 S- N G) c 5 v. g0 }9 W* I+ _1 Q7 g- x, ^: n
`endif
9 C5 x, T: T- d) \$ a# M o- s b4 ?$ e$ [4 I
* G9 |0 a/ X; J# Y( r: U下面是ddr2_model_preload.v的修改后的代码:
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9 ?( Y' U. S" g( }- l' B// File intended to be included in the generate statement for each DDR2 part.: ]) o0 i! o4 q e9 L
// The following loads a vmem file, "sram.vmem" by default, into the SDRAM.
$ k/ r, B! N$ z9 T& X
k6 K" R5 Q, G. w" e- o D// Wait until the DDR memory is initialised, and then magically% J2 Y( j1 A2 k1 p* @8 Y0 W+ F
// load it/ B/ `9 c# h, \4 H6 M5 K( O! P
$display("%t: wait phy_init_done",$time);
- k4 P- i) M# \1 D' l; X. ^7 u, k3 p@(posedge dut.xilinx_ddr2_0.xilinx_ddr2_if0.phy_init_done);- E- X2 T1 v& q# B0 L+ S
$display("%t: Loading DDR2",$time);1 C4 e5 o' k: ^8 n
. G$ t: s1 h. v" l! x# O$readmemh("sram.vmem", program_array);1 a: C1 R) z8 a
/* Now dish it out to the DDR2 model's memory */0 d# t, S, S) o+ K7 T: t. K$ I2 z
for(ram_ptr = 0 ; ram_ptr < 64*1024/*4096*/ ; ram_ptr = ram_ptr + 1)9 X4 \" ]/ H8 }0 k4 }/ s% w
begin
9 @$ w0 Z, i0 C( _6 w# S // Construct the burst line, with every second word from where we5 s1 w/ x1 ?4 n4 I$ V, B" A
// started, and picking the correct half of the word with i%2: W% F8 u" ^) d
program_word_ptr = ram_ptr * 16 + (i/2) ; // Start on word0 or word1& X% Q7 q+ o+ w' Y- M
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];
5 o ?: [. y* T* Y- J6 y ddr2_ram_mem_line[15:0] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];
# g! a2 c: j+ ?0 h) n: B8 y program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;
2 Z5 S+ G/ |& U& x2 r tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr]; 3 M- F8 N+ Z9 v! z; @) ]
ddr2_ram_mem_line[31:16] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];; T. E3 z$ k h1 i* }
4 S5 u# l2 T! j program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;! g' J2 L; i1 |# f) M
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];
6 p( ?5 \/ {+ J6 @1 H7 M ddr2_ram_mem_line[47:32] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];
4 I3 Q# z/ j# x; G+ H# J( g, b
7 @+ x0 {1 J3 n/ b: ? program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;. z% k! y ]3 H, V
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];
+ [% q6 _1 s5 d2 {% B6 x5 b ddr2_ram_mem_line[63:48] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];. U: c1 Z/ j5 a/ a) `; ~8 a; E
& M1 n; D& H% _/ D3 m program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;0 h4 A0 P4 R0 E: U
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];9 N& d7 B9 C$ G+ O
ddr2_ram_mem_line[79:64] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];4 q7 p6 @2 S9 I& k4 C7 V$ t
7 J, A- Z/ y, G/ c& K) R- K program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;+ O( d' l! K7 ^5 @9 K: n
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];; W4 V0 J1 h$ n6 }5 I
ddr2_ram_mem_line[95:80] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];0 l; }$ X5 H3 t
4 u* J$ r* Y* I) [
program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;& M- B- ~! ?. @% H) c3 k! o5 V
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];
: y6 \0 R- X8 I5 _' L+ O7 U ddr2_ram_mem_line[111:96] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];4 I g- H! w1 A( I. k
& F* p+ z- H* ]0 g+ H1 s
program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;
' l% W- }- v4 ~5 x/ A1 f tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];% d, M' a/ W) y0 B' U
ddr2_ram_mem_line[127:112] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];
4 e5 V0 t+ ^4 X" h0 C# y1 E$ t/ E0 p, j
) H8 E9 G' W/ m6 N // Put this assembled line into the RAM using its memory writing TASK
& r, Z& o" }7 K8 f/ R3 g' r5 } // (bank ,row , { col }, data& Q& ~3 Z- c4 R0 C$ f
u_mem0.memory_write(2'b00,ram_ptr[19:7], {ram_ptr[6:0],3'b000},ddr2_ram_mem_line);
; C9 Q: y% y; T
5 e* r; U) C7 C# L3 M8 g //$display("Writing 0x%h, ramline=%d",ddr2_ram_mem_line, ram_ptr);
6 t* P" m2 Z+ B E7 ^ q S; `
2 O7 z9 w" P& D( q# v end // for (ram_ptr = 0 ; ram_ptr < ...
1 p% F! g! g# r( W$display("(%t) * DDR2 RAM %1d preloaded",$time, i);0 H- C- W$ h/ _2 h
& `$ f- k. m& {' h: h! ?1 O这里有两点需要注意:* @6 V- v+ c: e6 e9 c* E
首先,program_array[]是连续线性的,但是4个device的组织不是连续线性的,所以在调用memory_write()之前一定要变成DDR2 SDRAM实际的组织形式。! k D. B# X- w
" @) S& c N. @; A
此外,由于我们只preload了32MB,小于一个bank,所以bank的地址我们一直是2‘b00,如果以后需要仿真的程序规模超过一个bank的大小了,那么就需要修改bank地址了。
; h+ g; V& I& c
0 O |' ~9 y: w3 C6 k; j" O, _1 T: D- H2 k3 H
2,验证
$ o a P9 C' z% }5 n8 c修改orpsocv2/sw/makefile.inc中,使之使用现成的elf文件,生成vmem文件。具体修改方法和操作步骤,之前已经介绍过了,这里不再赘述。+ W1 Z5 J+ Q4 a2 o( O
. K& [/ {" d$ ^* }/ e) s( R. T执行:make rtl-test TEST=linux PRELOAD_RAM=1
4 a( V0 p# Q" L! }( d/ P) M8 @; ~
, O- L8 {: K1 I0 y& r即可得到linux的仿真结果,和实际下板的结果相同。
( l5 s! o4 K: ^) f7 Z4 o" ^5 r. N! a
毫无疑问,由于linux程序规模很大,如果要等到linux启动完成,需要等待很久。6 r* a. m g; D; m
& M# L) Q+ a' u$ [下面是部分输出:3 K/ E3 W$ G& t ~ W
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- P* a; i" N0 X
, ?9 ]+ A+ n& |7 {' m) e
4 o/ c z3 N1 v; s+ Y# ?下面是仿真一晚上的结果:
6 N/ _5 q' u) I
# U+ |) d# C) e: V# vsim -do {set StdArithNoWarnings 1; run -all; exit} -c -quiet -suppress 8598 tb
: R# ~& O( P0 _. z |1 j3 m# // ModelSim SE 10.1c Jul 27 2012 Linux 3.5.0-43-generic
: w9 a6 U# a7 I& |$ [1 E8 ^3 [# //
. K, z5 i2 ^! Q8 A% k( k& Y# // Copyright 1991-2012 mentor Graphics Corporation
0 T1 s; H/ Q2 S' k; \# // All Rights Reserved.
( z9 l+ i4 |0 }# //
/ N6 w1 _6 G7 d# // THIS WORK CONTAINS TRADE SECRET AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION; _ K8 C3 x1 {9 r
# // WHICH IS THE PROPERTY OF MENTOR GRAPHICS CORPORATION OR ITS. r' x& F/ y7 e4 v+ Q4 e, e
# // LICENSORS AND IS SUBJECT TO LICENSE TERMS.3 Z8 s, }) H8 `* e! U
# //# b$ E: K. }) {5 q; N" R5 }, l S. Q
# set StdArithNoWarnings 1 ' w) r9 Y' N$ k
# 1
' c7 L# b- L t: S# run -all $ [# V5 T! E( n6 v0 `4 g! s
# Block Memory Generator CORE Generator module orpsoc_testbench.dut.xilinx_ddr2_0.xilinx_ddr2_if0.cache_mem0.inst is using a behavioral model for simulation which will not precisely model memory collision behavior.
8 }& Y+ {/ t, j7 Y/ K$ E# Xilinx DDR2 MIGed controller at orpsoc_testbench.dut.xilinx_ddr2_0.xilinx_ddr2_if0.ddr2_mig02 j% J# W6 C) `8 K# Y+ |
# 8 h) p' |; H& S, L' }9 v2 O
#
o2 M- W/ ?, m2 M9 J4 ?" b# * Starting simulation of design RTL.
. y' u5 I& B7 {' I& A# * Test: linux+ a% n8 e4 Y( I5 z' M& F$ p3 G
# / q& q. J: h X- o: G+ z' R0 M9 Y
# 0.00 ns: wait phy_init_done8 F/ ?( c( G! s/ d. d/ J: o
# 0.0 ps: wait phy_init_done, X/ \9 O: x; i- @5 f1 ^5 V1 q
# 0.0 ps: wait phy_init_done7 e% c* c! c0 H# }
# 0.0 ps: wait phy_init_done8 S* ?; ~- [- r/ i; \- V
# (1000.0 ps)(orpsoc_testbench.eth_phy0)PHY configured to 100 Mbps!2 q" t$ \3 j$ m( u. E( E7 R
# (1000.0 ps)(orpsoc_testbench.eth_phy0)Ethernet link is up!: x& C, r! C1 p4 d8 S" r
# Input Error : RST on instance orpsoc_testbench.dut.xilinx_ddr2_0.xilinx_ddr2_if0.ddr2_mig0.u_ddr2_infrastructure.gen_pll_adv.u_pll_adv at time 112500.0 ps must be asserted at least for 10 ns.
0 S) C2 z2 G" p- R# K- \! Y# DEBUG i2c_slave; stop condition detected at 174000.0 ps, F2 l4 U: |$ z
# orpsoc_testbench.gen_cs[0].gen[0].u_mem0.cmd_task: at time 8525725.0 ps WARNING: 200 us is required before CKE goes active.! v+ p: o2 y/ D& F
# orpsoc_testbench.gen_cs[0].gen[1].u_mem0.cmd_task: at time 8525725.0 ps WARNING: 200 us is required before CKE goes active.' G6 {- f/ L$ }( ^% j+ O
# orpsoc_testbench.gen_cs[0].gen[2].u_mem0.cmd_task: at time 8525725.0 ps WARNING: 200 us is required before CKE goes active.
8 b* F7 {* @& O8 o# orpsoc_testbench.gen_cs[0].gen[3].u_mem0.cmd_task: at time 8525725.0 ps WARNING: 200 us is required before CKE goes active.' X9 e4 L" L$ L ?( K: ?
# First Stage Calibration completed at time 25988000.0 ps
2 H) u ~$ g( e( N) r9 [& t$ g# Second Stage Calibration completed at time 32918000.0 ps6 ]' ?' T( j6 d& i! X! y
# Third Stage Calibration completed at time 40320000.0 ps
, G! a8 \9 Y7 G6 E ~2 w# Fourth Stage Calibration completed at time 51338000.0 ps
/ U Z' i' ~" _7 f, P: N# Calibration completed at time 51338000.0 ps
' f; {0 n% L# z D9 r# 53430000.0 ps: Loading DDR26 W2 |' P/ [7 ]8 Q
# (53430000.0 ps) * DDR2 RAM 3 preloaded
2 T/ n9 H( B0 \; `. r+ C+ `% r# 53430000.0 ps: Loading DDR2
- a7 ~, p; a4 x) _# (53430000.0 ps) * DDR2 RAM 2 preloaded+ x) t& X; j2 g1 a) V3 G- r
# 53430000.0 ps: Loading DDR2' F/ X- X- l' O7 t4 g2 u, U2 ~% ?4 S
# (53430000.0 ps) * DDR2 RAM 1 preloaded
6 X# W% H' B3 j) L4 k, G' \# 53430000.0 ps: Loading DDR2
9 ?8 A! n! ?, ]+ p( B0 {# (53430000.0 ps) * DDR2 RAM 0 preloaded
9 M5 i" O) T, h0 `# Or1200 IC enabled at 7808632500.0 ps
7 W! f8 C. n. W+ _. G# Or1200 DC enabled at 7919317500.0 ps
! Q. |. c! [: s# s k: H [# Compiled-in FDT at 0xc026b8a09 o/ r- Y! C. V K- p' [1 H
# 6 R: f( b1 A0 u8 y7 q1 v3 d5 W
# Linux version 3.1.0-rc6-00002-g0da8eb1-dirty (openrisc@openrisc-VirtualBox) (gcc version 4.5.1-or32-1.0rc4 (OpenRISC 32-bit toolchain for or32-linux (built 20111017)) ) #107 Mon Mar 3 08:13:04 CET 2014
1 q4 \0 \$ q$ L+ [ M+ P# 5 J- w2 g5 }" D y7 j2 |) _/ c, @, i
# CPU: OpenRISC-12 (revision 8) @66 MHz- [- p3 w7 A, p+ z5 ?5 t# [1 \1 y9 k
#
2 j! n% c$ U- P$ n# -- dcache: 32768 bytes total, 32 bytes/line, 1 way(s)0 u. V* o- V O3 X3 U. O
#
0 E# X, _6 r* s( u( G# -- icache: 32768 bytes total, 32 bytes/line, 1 way(s)
. r4 A A9 _- {& U8 n; {6 @1 r y8 b# " v5 Z! C7 Z* o) F
# -- dmmu: 64 entries, 1 way(s)
; W3 |8 o8 i5 W- F0 ^! S5 B, t7 U3 u#
$ ?* q) m$ u% y2 l L0 ]5 G# -- immu: 64 entries, 1 way(s)3 \1 K" T1 @: r7 [+ Y" e
# 0 n3 G; @+ ?6 J _" ?
# -- additional features:
8 @, n3 O8 h$ q#
" {' d: v' ]4 ~5 t: u# -- debug unit$ R, D! A. r' _
# ' j5 I$ A0 X3 I9 Z
# -- PIC% C4 O) w# ]. B) G* [5 L. _
# , y: X" o j1 z) w2 L
# -- timer
; | \4 n0 R( R$ N1 K/ S# 4 F5 u7 y6 f G0 F" g" Q
# setup_memory: Memory: 0x0-0x2000000 F, c( k# M6 n1 Z a" B
# 3 D- f6 b, }9 `- u
# Reserved - 0x01ffd9dc-0x00002624
- A6 a; w0 f, S4 I0 v( V# . K: u% W' D6 Q- N4 _5 v$ A0 g
# Setting up paging and PTEs.
: G) c' }2 m0 q: h. G#
+ U1 g8 V, w4 e$ P7 x9 z# map_ram: Memory: 0x0-0x2000000
! O7 X5 w! u/ P#
. I" m) K% _; W- p# On node 0 totalpages: 4096: D, E; W9 M) l0 `, L5 Q3 e) K
# . f A6 o+ [% T; h! L# _2 g( V/ l7 Q5 v
# free_area_init_node: node 0, pgdat c02525b8, node_mem_map c03cc000
5 C: b' x' _0 R* X& T#
7 x8 {: B6 W. [- I; B# Normal zone: 16 pages used for memmap
0 ^* i1 _/ @8 B6 w; I#
6 y. i9 l! d9 B+ O) Z# Normal zone: 0 pages reserved
! P0 } {! Z: g% [#
, o( V9 a9 v8 z$ w2 i. d# Normal zone: 4080 pages, LIFO batch:0$ z/ b- p" M; l: }! C% e
# 9 e8 w3 m0 }' }% E0 O
# dtlb_miss_handler c0002000
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# itlb_miss_handler c0002108
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6 I+ j( w. c* `" i# OpenRISC Linux -- http://openrisc.net
! r( m2 H( q- h8 u) X#
" C# o; q3 V( _# pcpu-alloc: s0 r0 d32768 u32768 alloc=1*32768
2 M. p. M0 D. f8 T#
5 X4 K; u, H; u- M# pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 + D0 G1 D% E. r0 U0 p# N, [
#
' ^: j: Z0 @( T" M" S! @# Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping off. Total pages: 40801 D1 P" m4 `' n6 y8 s' P
#
- K. H6 E' A4 m& z$ h! K& T1 S# Kernel command line: console=uart,mmio,0x90000000,1152000 g/ m+ h [/ S2 t+ ~
#
1 u0 n6 _5 c- l* G" z) W% v# m# Early serial console at MMIO 0x90000000 (options '115200')& @. }- t' C* n/ D& P
#
* r5 s8 b) n# v" X# bootconsole [uart0] enabled, W% A, r$ l! |
# 9 w2 ]/ @' e* C+ R& V
# PID hash table entries: 128 (order: -4, 512 bytes)
/ s# d: _+ d8 g( n4 I0 P#
, k1 Y* ~6 W3 S6 s2 o5 i# Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 1, 16384 bytes)
1 x+ u! r4 F0 T* G' C. M: C: i7 K# / O1 @" e/ V, T1 \! `0 S6 c6 @
# Inode-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 0, 8192 bytes)/ \8 `8 w; q7 G4 j1 N7 i
#
t" Z" t# U7 V5 o# S) d$ q! b# Memory: 28648k/32768k available (2064k kernel code, 4120k reserved, 316k data, 1416k init, 0k highmem)4 m0 Y$ x b2 E$ O+ G1 i# l; f. g) u
# ! s5 c* F. ~( B: o- M, l/ f8 P
# mem_init_done .........................................../ K: _1 D* U& l
#
$ k: B3 S" q, v! u# NR_IRQS:32
% m- Q5 p: }7 z8 ^4 G" r#
# p' o( _3 D* [: T1 r" n# 133.33 BogoMIPS (lpj=666666)
d1 }! R. j0 e0 e- O# ' w* w2 Q. t3 z, Z9 E2 @, o
# pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
3 b' m5 A7 m+ y7 l% V0 I. {' P# / \9 {2 U" {. f8 Y5 X: z# A- l. x
# Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024& x; ? o# e$ F2 _6 u: J# z
# 4 J) M% j, ], c, q$ Q) B2 s
# devtmpfs: initialized
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# NET: Registered protocol family 16
4 r5 e7 n, v( j/ O! n4 S5 a#
1 c$ |% i% ^$ i# Switching to clocksource openrisc_timer
8 x% W, ^: v+ _- y8 G2 _, H5 c#
; {2 \/ b* J2 H$ o# l. u7 y# Switched to NOHz mode on CPU #0. e0 s% Y5 y# a$ m
#
1 F* x3 G3 e# T: {2 g+ ^: B# NET: Registered protocol family 2
" i1 r5 \# O4 I/ j#
: d3 Y1 n8 j& ^' ]# IP route cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 0, 8192 bytes)
* |& {$ d# c- A#
' C( m, S8 ~* e, i8 c: D# TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 8192 bytes)
- v7 @1 l; O! D0 c& r. a- F+ G#
( J5 F# @* e2 \1 F3 {' n. x2 S# TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: -1, 4096 bytes)9 J5 l, ?: r8 s5 l* q
#
; i. `, B- ^% @! c4 l+ @# TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)' j5 i: C; t& h& B. j" M
# ; a, L! y- B2 I# n
# TCP reno registered$ r# J5 n+ ~- ]+ u) E
# ! f; e7 r* i( t$ d
# UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 8192 bytes); {: T4 |; k0 {$ d% Y
# / e8 [# @% I6 q: D7 e a; ]
# UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 8192 bytes)
% k6 h/ t' d+ B* q# 6 S* A: T- B# {' X6 X# k
# NET: Registered protocol family 1, u( |+ B- l1 u
# 7 Q! J9 i! q/ H: C) `/ c5 l5 o. F d
# RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.& M2 Y3 o" P1 p; E R
#
8 q% `6 f9 F6 n1 I" {# RPC: Registered udp transport module.# y; k% l {: v0 g
# . t/ a5 U9 V5 k
# RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
) j& h( k: H" d+ Y$ Y#
# K( l, L+ Z% I$ a7 j& Y& G# RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.0 P) t/ f3 Y N$ l/ N: v/ i" {
# 5 I; K0 S, U) ?+ ?( Y
# Unpacking initramfs
# _- a2 G+ I. h* F- }, X# . {% {& B6 I8 x4 C7 x
# Break key hit
* P: ?% F+ D0 U) m# Break at an unknown location
; `8 n w& w- o( ]4 r2 y# exit
7 B! X* p/ S1 D5 P
3 F5 ^: }) Z( x" ?# Q% w# Q# U2 T: I' _$ c' U" v3 {
3,小结; [9 J/ C: D1 _. {- p6 V, j
之前搞嵌入式,linux的启动信息很熟悉,但是如果想知道linux启动过程中,硬件的具体工作时序,几乎是不可能的,现在板子上所有设备的每个clock的状态,通过RTL仿真,即可实现。
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