|
|
EDA365欢迎您登录!
您需要 登录 才可以下载或查看,没有帐号?注册
x
本帖最后由 ANkeer 于 2020-11-11 14:32 编辑
5 V- l3 Q) |' `% Q- E7 z7 e8 s* ]% ~5 ?9 b( s4 U& v& x
本小节,我们将实现在ML501平台上对linux进行RTL仿真。
, b* e9 e, j6 q' P8 L5 k, I' a) {" b7 Y
1,DDR2仿真模型的修改
?. J5 v4 f: _; [& V3 T; R针对ML501的ORPSoC工程中,默认配置的DDR2的仿真模型与实际板子上使用的DDR2 SDRAM的参数不一致,我们要进行修改。8 } ^$ w2 D6 V" w! F
# W4 W) Y+ e3 J R
a,实际内存参数$ Q% C: ~' x$ ]0 U3 X) W$ `( o# W' J
要想对DDR2 SDRAM的仿真模型进行修改,我们首先要弄明白几个概念。
. ~2 u/ u- A9 p( V/ Y& ^5 r+ H
" [+ x& H8 w5 S+ c5 [/ \/ NRANK,BANK,row,,column。这几个都是逻辑上的概念。! x4 J4 M, l& x/ C) q, d0 I
+ ]# M; i# U7 w
此外还有channel,module,chip,device等物理上的概念。1 U. v4 M. i( z: e) b
+ i; _) m) Z4 N
对于ML501使用的DDR2 SDRAM来说,其具体参数如下所示:
% Z2 {$ t+ v2 p9 ~0 n+ M: s; g8 V) b3 u
通过查看内存条,我们可以看到如下内容:MT4HTF3264HY-667F1 1RX16 256MB PC-5300S,
% V% m. H5 }0 N4 H# q
% c& R6 ]% Q( s& J其中3263是指内存条的organization:32Megx64,x64表示整个内存条的数据线(DQ)宽度是64bit。
: j; l/ t. ?" b! V1 G: u
' r* @: T9 F& X$ q& t4 B0 [+ Z/ y667表示内存条的speed grade。PC-5300也是speed grade。
+ z4 _5 u- t! ?! U% W4 c8 ?) S/ d( J5 p: J6 N
1RX16表示内存条上面的4个device,每个数据宽度是16,16X4正好是64bit。
/ L8 T0 _0 \* J4 B3 q
8 Z" r( a$ A \" h8 q* P+ `256MB,毫无疑问,表示内存条的容量是256M bytes。! b1 `* C6 s% ^6 s
# r8 D4 F V% e. x X1 _
通过内存条上面的标示,我们就可以获得很多信息,此外,通过查看其数据手册,我们会得到更详细的参数:4 n3 W. S4 K4 d/ n
' ]$ ]- O6 V" ~4 z: F
6 a+ R# l& x- z7 V: Z7 J& F2 V% F# \# W
4 j& ~! P7 \$ L' U/ D' d @7 U" ]; _
8 v& q5 {8 F0 n* {; S* @- WRANK:是single rank。
& U7 G0 t' q2 v' U
4 A: _7 u( q' q4 |9 o9 F% b# [% LBANK:BA是2bit,说明bank数量是4,每个bank的大小是256MB/4=64MB。
7 K* w# c; b! `5 b( @+ p/ z/ d( p! x* ~: Q$ L" g
row:宽度是[12:0],一共13bit。8 c) S$ x6 o/ e. k8 L2 n1 w
6 e2 c) F- B4 M" B7 dcolumn:宽度是[9:0],一共10bit。
7 ]% X! J+ T/ S. H) L) M9 ?( H, j" d9 p
3 M, F( P$ r @8 n' `; {
b,仿真模型参数
! N( w& _! o7 C$ d, v1 K' O确定了我们实际使用的内存条的参数之后,我们就可以修改仿真模型的具体参数了。" Q/ k" Z. g) n: u) D
: O" q8 _) @, U- K/ l) b' w需要注意的是ddr2_model.v只是一个timing model,具体的storage,需要我们自己根据实际情况来定。$ b( [4 y( u: F; M; a
y9 I/ E) m1 _8 g! q b3 W9 k这里需要修改的是MEM_BITS,由于ddr2_model.v是一个device的仿真模型,每个device中包含4个四分之一的bank,共64MB,所以对于如下定义:- Q) D. h* I9 o" ^7 ^4 k
6 Q" P X% W( }; S' \% f4 _
+ }: G$ o) S) h9 _' L
8 D& `* g: |. V+ P% J* T
// Memory Storage
; S6 O/ O: E4 W0 N0 ?% i) t& r`ifdef MAX_MEM, C- \+ @, y; N" ~. l2 Y
reg [BL_MAX*DQ_BITS-1:0] memory [0:`MAX_SIZE-1];
' ~ X9 R( X7 J7 ^ }`else// [8 * 16 -1:0] [0:(1<<22) -1]==>26bit==>64MB
' q, N9 s% J6 n8 Z7 ~2 O reg [BL_MAX*DQ_BITS-1:0] memory [0:`MEM_SIZE-1];
" v' K u0 ?. b( H8 f reg [`MAX_BITS-1:0] address [0:`MEM_SIZE-1];
& a$ S$ I1 Z5 B$ g reg [MEM_BITS:0] memory_index;
) R. G: x/ y, x2 q" ~ S7 | reg [MEM_BITS:0] memory_used;
( r A* ^* `& \; H% e`endif
9 J' Y# R" E7 u- N
* B8 n E3 b% g+ F$ ?/ h; v3 I我们需要定义MEM_BITS为22,如下所示:8 @7 I& ?1 h" n/ T( y% ?' G- w4 h( ^3 Q
0 o0 h; j, a" Y+ J* C* i
: {& Y& _' J6 p) ~! t! _! n# S
- \& q' K! E4 T# w) v- l) b
7 {! u7 Z- z$ r" f4 d6 D/ Q$ d* X) u完整的参数,如下所示:
- w7 X2 l% [1 u1 |2 h$ B8 c5 E+ v4 q& t, E' r w, P7 k: l
. h4 L3 R) C" X$ ~1 K, r4 s
0 s' b7 b& T+ B/****************************************************************************************8 w- Z& e# v" O# f
*" Z! q2 [3 W: K
* Disclaimer This software code and all associated documentation, comments or other
/ u5 x* e, F) n! A) m7 Z1 d* of Warranty: information (collectively "Software") is provided "AS IS" without # b- T3 M* Z4 Z
* warranty of any kind. MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC. ("MTI") EXPRESSLY
+ f% J0 w* i* w4 V4 `: y6 ^- E! g9 K* DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED ! v4 ]7 L& _1 y9 Q
* TO, NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS, AND ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES
. Z) z( |# Q2 B! I( {* OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. MTI DOES NOT
5 D- Z2 S2 Z+ P ~& @7 l* WARRANT THAT THE SOFTWARE WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS, OR THAT THE 3 k/ J. L/ T% c1 ?* G. t
* OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR-FREE.
" S8 h: R9 G; i. {* FURTHERMORE, MTI DOES NOT MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS REGARDING THE USE OR
; g B$ l% Q( ?% q3 @& a3 @* THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE IN TERMS OF ITS CORRECTNESS, + O8 ?1 g( w$ Q P0 Q! C- e6 Z& m
* ACCURACY, RELIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE. THE ENTIRE RISK ARISING OUT OF USE
, V$ V5 L/ A% x: j* OR PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE REMAINS WITH YOU. IN NO EVENT SHALL MTI,
4 z* r- l+ g6 u. a) s$ \6 u* ITS AFFILIATED COMPANIES OR THEIR SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
`, S7 ?* A* r* INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
7 z, s j* @, | }* WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, , P0 O$ `0 G' y9 k3 x% s
* OR LOSS OF INFORMATION) ARISING OUT OF YOUR USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE
3 o. V, M0 A2 D& ~* Y+ y* THE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF MTI HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH 4 \; A! }* X2 q1 z: E+ A( g
* DAMAGES. Because some jurisdictions prohibit the exclusion or 5 J6 ]2 X% x/ p& t. x# J3 B4 ?8 E
* limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the " u3 Y8 E1 W! k* l- U2 T2 V. O4 g
* above limitation may not apply to you.
) f6 j3 v& r$ a; L8 H*1 h) \1 W- X/ k( [9 J! [, d! y) p. n/ U
* Copyright 2003 Micron Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
- w' Z1 D! \6 q' T1 X3 H*
' S: J6 P- {- [! v****************************************************************************************/
4 z$ C/ N* k+ v7 w; W7 Z& o* L
& H( X" z7 ~, Z7 f1 q* K& e. V // Parameters current with 512Mb datasheet rev N
1 Z) l# E6 k- \1 L+ N" G4 b) i* u' p ) o0 u3 B c" K8 c7 ?1 T v
// Timing parameters based on Speed Grade
8 e) P# U3 u9 h: P2 @. E + I1 k: |- Z9 E& |7 f
// SYMBOL UNITS DESCRIPTION! R( o. {6 ~9 J" N9 T$ d
`define sg37E
* A- o( Z* G+ y. S+ [) e: y`define x16
: s( B) G: S# E, k% p, c0 }# C//`define MAX_MEM2 @ C; @, ~, a3 i1 f7 J/ R
2 y0 b) l! I. c; [
`ifdef sg37E! G2 S! F6 ~$ R7 M2 ^1 b8 K2 v
parameter TCK_MIN = 3750; // tCK ps Minimum Clock Cycle Time
3 E3 T6 r" g) c6 f2 n# G. X9 } parameter TJIT_PER = 125; // tJIT(per) ps Period JItter0 a( Y# S$ X' Q3 S6 o5 i) _9 H* X
parameter TJIT_DUTY = 125; // tJIT(duty) ps Half Period Jitter: e/ i0 }) F% n7 h5 q8 X, [
parameter TJIT_CC = 250; // tJIT(cc) ps Cycle to Cycle jitter" C* P6 z! E7 w* _& q
parameter TERR_2PER = 175; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (2-cycle)) d S. N* L* I4 K, |# H
parameter TERR_3PER = 225; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (3-cycle)
/ }7 b0 L6 J5 Q( z- e parameter TERR_4PER = 250; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (4-cycle)- I- W& z4 K6 G. {6 F0 }
parameter TERR_5PER = 250; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (5-cycle)
) @* O5 A/ N% j% X. Y parameter TERR_N1PER = 350; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (6-10-cycle)& t+ T' e( w1 J: ?+ {
parameter TERR_N2PER = 450; // tERR(nper) ps Accumulated Error (11-50-cycle)& Y8 H/ S/ z ~$ @/ R. Q9 p
parameter TQHS = 400; // tQHS ps Data hold skew factor
1 _/ G6 o6 x# j4 ^ V9 p parameter TAC = 500; // tAC ps DQ output access time from CK/CK#
7 X7 {2 c+ F- a7 w# z) g8 E parameter TDS = 100; // tDS ps DQ and DM input setup time relative to DQS* p J7 Z4 ^- w) ^
parameter TDH = 225; // tDH ps DQ and DM input hold time relative to DQS8 }, H( |) v# T8 K' m4 w
parameter TDQSCK = 450; // tDQSCK ps DQS output access time from CK/CK#) B9 K7 @) ~' p5 E* f
parameter TDQSQ = 300; // tDQSQ ps DQS-DQ skew, DQS to last DQ valid, per group, per access
) \ g6 h7 l: v+ L8 B parameter TIS = 250; // tIS ps Input Setup Time
5 ]) T9 @" I& S! r z8 i; F9 t% C# b parameter TIH = 375; // tIH ps Input Hold Time
* n: q! b3 a |0 b, f parameter TRC = 55000; // tRC ps Active to Active/Auto Refresh command time
1 U7 b: \! R& B5 l2 u, _ parameter TRCD = 15000; // tRCD ps Active to Read/Write command time7 n# o% A/ Q/ y5 d+ w! ^
parameter TWTR = 7500; // tWTR ps Write to Read command delay8 _. ?1 f1 w# l1 o
parameter TRP = 15000; // tRP ps Precharge command period2 Z1 L" H$ l$ M7 D6 S, b
parameter TRPA = 15000; // tRPA ps Precharge All period+ {# n7 B" v1 o2 {
parameter TXARDS = 6; // tXARDS tCK Exit low power active power down to a read command
/ }1 P. k9 D3 w5 l. a' \2 R parameter TXARD = 2; // tXARD tCK Exit active power down to a read command
0 |) W: m0 z3 H parameter TXP = 2; // tXP tCK Exit power down to a non-read command6 K6 \3 T' T9 w. f) V
parameter TANPD = 3; // tANPD tCK ODT to power-down entry latency1 z V! ?; d& `! r8 Y/ J
parameter TAXPD = 8; // tAXPD tCK ODT power-down exit latency& G% [, T/ k* t2 R+ u$ M- n8 W
parameter CL_TIME = 15000; // CL ps Minimum CAS Latency: Y% j$ I. z8 ~. |( `: D+ M+ J& X
`endif // ------ ----- -----------
+ ~$ P7 P; L, q4 C 0 A# v* b9 p" s7 I- V8 A
* x6 D( `" m- u1 p1 J
`ifdef x16' Y! H8 ^: N+ X% y
`ifdef sg37E- X% [2 ^: h6 n3 Z/ s
parameter TFAW = 50000; // tFAW ps Four Bank Activate window/ C6 m/ q8 ~5 k- J
`endif% E1 j% V0 v0 l$ F4 M0 v
`endif. H4 b- \: |" E( V" g; V7 V- m
. \. S* P5 S1 a( i5 Z- r& [ // Timing Parameters
5 f( T: l G8 ~) Z; B& _
' w J* n8 T) n" ?4 x // Mode Register
5 T! Q N7 b# a$ u parameter AL_MIN = 0; // AL tCK Minimum Additive Latency
' v1 J5 W' z5 a( [1 X3 | parameter AL_MAX = 6; // AL tCK Maximum Additive Latency
! D p) u* t. c1 F! o parameter CL_MIN = 3; // CL tCK Minimum CAS Latency" P: d8 a+ P4 E4 I+ H5 {7 E) U
parameter CL_MAX = 7; // CL tCK Maximum CAS Latency+ G' Y+ r1 J3 U
parameter WR_MIN = 2; // WR tCK Minimum Write Recovery
. b9 X! t6 L2 o$ b. w! I parameter WR_MAX = 8; // WR tCK Maximum Write Recovery
h' j! x2 { F) k9 @ parameter BL_MIN = 4; // BL tCK Minimum Burst Length
9 O, x! b; _$ _( `- G* ^ parameter BL_MAX = 8; // BL tCK Minimum Burst Length% J/ @/ D) l4 ?* g6 c: }" `3 [
// Clock" g4 Q- F( }- A& W# M& d! U
parameter TCK_MAX = 8000; // tCK ps Maximum Clock Cycle Time
! D u0 `9 p9 t3 r1 c$ C parameter TCH_MIN = 0.48; // tCH tCK Minimum Clock High-Level Pulse Width2 O! c8 @$ R; d4 q! T9 f
parameter TCH_MAX = 0.52; // tCH tCK Maximum Clock High-Level Pulse Width1 r I& v5 [3 j! L. |7 k
parameter TCL_MIN = 0.48; // tCL tCK Minimum Clock Low-Level Pulse Width
0 ^* v/ _3 K+ t: J" v parameter TCL_MAX = 0.52; // tCL tCK Maximum Clock Low-Level Pulse Width
/ H. d; n/ t0 h" b // Data
2 r' G) t. t3 m6 |. C parameter TLZ = TAC; // tLZ ps Data-out low-impedance window from CK/CK#! y/ q# P% ~2 n9 @, H
parameter THZ = TAC; // tHZ ps Data-out high impedance window from CK/CK#
# o8 \2 [7 Z F1 J7 x parameter TDIPW = 0.35; // tDIPW tCK DQ and DM input Pulse Width. j3 }# K! b) N2 \3 [7 e
// Data Strobe5 f w0 l* W0 z5 a6 R0 h# f. P
parameter TDQSH = 0.35; // tDQSH tCK DQS input High Pulse Width, U- n% q" K" o0 `- Z
parameter TDQSL = 0.35; // tDQSL tCK DQS input Low Pulse Width
0 L7 l0 I. C1 ?/ c# T0 G parameter TDSS = 0.20; // tDSS tCK DQS falling edge to CLK rising (setup time)
6 K4 n1 X0 K/ u& P( F, a parameter TDSH = 0.20; // tDSH tCK DQS falling edge from CLK rising (hold time). e1 h$ M, E( W9 a. s/ c
parameter TWPRE = 0.35; // tWPRE tCK DQS Write Preamble9 @" ^& T9 e" J
parameter TWPST = 0.40; // tWPST tCK DQS Write Postamble& ~. h2 \: v3 A Q8 S3 z8 C, j; q
parameter TDQSS = 0.25; // tDQSS tCK Rising clock edge to DQS/DQS# latching transition0 E9 |7 f( l9 u( s. N
// Command and Address
, U1 U f0 L5 L( E" N parameter TIPW = 0.6; // tIPW tCK Control and Address input Pulse Width
( a. M' s) e, F# g E3 h( w parameter TCCD = 2; // tCCD tCK Cas to Cas command delay
) ]; }' _2 H7 A; U9 s1 F parameter TRAS_MIN = 40000; // tRAS ps Minimum Active to Precharge command time
. ?6 }: [) d8 o: z4 s" `& `' n parameter TRAS_MAX =70000000; // tRAS ps Maximum Active to Precharge command time
. U& \) N; y+ A4 P- R7 H6 u" b% u parameter TRTP = 7500; // tRTP ps Read to Precharge command delay
5 @( J4 b2 c/ \+ f5 O( P9 d$ e parameter TWR = 15000; // tWR ps Write recovery time2 a! ], D/ o+ V" L# t6 }
parameter TMRD = 2; // tMRD tCK Load Mode Register command cycle time, {: N5 x8 i! ]- v7 L' j5 Z% N
parameter TDLLK = 200; // tDLLK tCK DLL locking time3 N0 a: o' r' y$ I
// Refresh
! Z# W' e/ |2 Z* j" k" T parameter TRFC_MIN = 105000; // tRFC ps Refresh to Refresh Command interval minimum value
) L1 x: v1 k- w. i) f parameter TRFC_MAX =70000000; // tRFC ps Refresh to Refresh Command Interval maximum value
/ H1 b f- b2 x // Self Refresh! l; @0 d5 L) n- b6 M; u5 m" g: r! t; H
parameter TXSNR = TRFC_MIN + 10000; // tXSNR ps Exit self refesh to a non-read command" P* H9 x! [2 [' ?4 D, g# u
parameter TXSRD = 200; // tXSRD tCK Exit self refresh to a read command
/ J5 b4 w1 J# v* M parameter TISXR = TIS; // tISXR ps CKE setup time during self refresh exit.
8 C1 |+ A$ w& q' D D // ODT8 \, o: m g1 X5 |
parameter TAOND = 2; // tAOND tCK ODT turn-on delay& n. u4 U# O+ o
parameter TAOFD = 2.5; // tAOFD tCK ODT turn-off delay+ W) k: l8 ?' e! T
parameter TAONPD = 2000; // tAONPD ps ODT turn-on (precharge power-down mode)$ W3 f/ b( p4 }, E% X5 f
parameter TAOFPD = 2000; // tAOFPD ps ODT turn-off (precharge power-down mode)# [) b2 m! d% I* i; t0 _' `" o$ W
parameter TMOD = 12000; // tMOD ps ODT enable in EMR to ODT pin transition
% w( Z( h4 ^# s1 e+ G- W // Power Down
4 _: [' u a# Y parameter TCKE = 3; // tCKE tCK CKE minimum high or low pulse width
; Z: n- d: Y9 Q# |2 X; @* b( y 4 J9 V# e4 O* O* t
// Size Parameters based on Part Width: i/ r1 l8 O+ q( R$ n0 L8 N0 g6 R5 w
/ \, \- l2 Z/ M# b B
`ifdef x16
+ q1 w1 m/ b7 n. i& w parameter ADDR_BITS = 13; // Address Bits4 D7 w- `7 |7 G# e2 c
parameter ROW_BITS = 13; // Number of Address bits3 T) a/ _6 I$ a/ Q& w9 B& v
parameter COL_BITS = 10; // Number of Column bits% _% w% u- X5 q
parameter DM_BITS = 2; // Number of Data Mask bits
, A( {! B0 ]7 g parameter DQ_BITS = 16; // Number of Data bits7 W" M8 {1 ]) N
parameter DQS_BITS = 2; // Number of Dqs bits7 E% n% G3 [% u, N/ V2 k
parameter TRRD = 10000; // tRRD Active bank a to Active bank b command time9 C( d1 y3 O. ^5 m& Y2 P. l/ e7 S
`endif
! g/ h- s- P4 Q% o
4 H; K! y* A( t`ifdef QUAD_RANK, H( \8 P O" o
`define DUAL_RANK // also define DUAL_RANK) S9 w9 @1 V- ^# S
parameter CS_BITS = 4; // Number of Chip Select Bits
! F+ T1 e) g8 O, z# \7 d2 J parameter RANKS = 4; // Number of Chip Select Bits
" _; a! u, ]# a8 K. G2 `, ?`else `ifdef DUAL_RANK
; C2 V! J' w7 Z: w; \ parameter CS_BITS = 2; // Number of Chip Select Bits
$ N0 j7 r8 U( i/ f- F* h1 h parameter RANKS = 2; // Number of Chip Select Bits
2 }' b' f4 j8 e`else8 L! K3 O0 ]7 f: r! f! U
parameter CS_BITS = 2; // Number of Chip Select Bits9 W+ I8 D1 r% n' q+ N8 s; ^- K
parameter RANKS = 1; // Number of Chip Select Bits
& H9 w2 k) D3 B# l! W`endif `endif; N" e) Z/ a0 m1 k, A5 u% `
- {; E& [2 M7 E: U0 P4 R
// Size Parameters5 U2 Z" q, K1 m% U, |3 R4 r0 v- \# \& b( ]
parameter BA_BITS = 2; // Set this pARMaeter to control how many Bank Address bits
# G5 v0 M: i+ P" E, C5 `, H; R// if MEM_BITS== 14, a DQ=16 each part, DQ=64 total (4 parts) => 1MB total (256KB each)3 M9 F* ]* b: w
// if MEM_BITS== 15, a DQ=16 each part, DQ=64 total (4 parts) => 2MB total (512KB each)# ^& B4 d0 L2 r( Q
// if MEM_BITS== 16, a DQ=16 each part, DQ=64 total (4 parts) => 4MB total (1MB each), b1 q5 t" `# ]$ `4 _
// if MEM_BITS== 17, a DQ=16 each part, DQ=64 total (4 parts) => 8MB total (2MB each)
+ j( U2 H3 ?7 Y$ @' z3 c3 s1 {) Y* _//parameter MEM_BITS = 14; // Number of write data bursts can be stored in memory. The default is 2^10=1024.
}) s/ c. M9 \; T y8 j parameter MEM_BITS = 22; // Number of write data bursts can be stored in memory. //256MB total(64MB each),Rill modify from 17 to 22 140410
( m$ K, o+ C. H parameter AP = 10; // the address bit that controls auto-precharge and precharge-all# g0 S+ y, P5 a6 Q# g6 }* L7 h
parameter BL_BITS = 3; // the number of bits required to count to MAX_BL
' b- {9 y1 x7 C' }8 [* j parameter BO_BITS = 2; // the number of Burst Order Bits
0 B: w" H8 l% j- ]' L e # s( o! M/ E6 v) R: F- p+ [
// Simulation parameters: k' _7 a, q; j5 ]6 A g
parameter STOP_ON_ERROR = 1; // If set to 1, the model will halt on command sequence/major errors% v; w1 {5 M7 E; @
parameter DEBUG = 0; // Turn on Debug messages D" v) l/ a1 I d) _9 p4 v" D
parameter BUS_DELAY = 0; // delay in nanoseconds: a0 g. D* x$ T' _( {. ~! c9 u7 Q
parameter RANDOM_OUT_DELAY = 0; // If set to 1, the model will put a random amount of delay on DQ/DQS during reads0 {, g, b4 m. @) e+ b; k
parameter RANDOM_SEED = 711689044; //seed value for random generator./ m/ m8 B, T$ P! [7 Q
1 Q B7 V! {" {# p5 b parameter RDQSEN_PRE = 2; // DQS driving time prior to first read strobe
4 T7 J' J" |# [ _ parameter RDQSEN_PST = 1; // DQS driving time after last read strobe
9 {" k$ M& q/ o# p6 n/ X parameter RDQS_PRE = 2; // DQS low time prior to first read strobe
$ ]/ w; h, m* P }: l+ | parameter RDQS_PST = 1; // DQS low time after last valid read strobe
0 d* Y( U+ I8 x' ~ parameter RDQEN_PRE = 0; // DQ/DM driving time prior to first read data+ i1 v$ h+ [4 m9 t
parameter RDQEN_PST = 0; // DQ/DM driving time after last read data) O4 O: X2 `2 \
parameter WDQS_PRE = 1; // DQS half clock periods prior to first write strobe8 T5 r X+ B$ l4 X" r8 ?/ ~' u/ ?
parameter WDQS_PST = 1; // DQS half clock periods after last valid write strobe
" ?4 c# r* s7 d" [
3 M; U. E) b' z4 t
1 f7 N. K! c+ b V0 y) y5 Kc,preload的修改
# t5 u% M, f% ?: M8 `2 k目前,我们已经建立的和实际硬件一致的仿真模型,但是我们在仿真前,要把linux的镜像实现load到仿真模型中才行,这就需要了解DDR2 SDRAM的内部组织结构,了解BL_MAX,BL_BITS,DQ_BITS等参数的具体含义,了解DDR2 SDRAM的读写过程和时序。这些内容请参考《memory system - cache dram disk》一书。这里不再赘述。
2 x4 d t+ a* v
( l# m( b N, y" U对于仿真linux而言,由于编译时指定的内存大小是32MB,所以,我在preload时也只load32MB,一个bank是64MB,所以我们只需要load bank0即可,但是bank0是分布在4个device里的。' F' I6 y0 N" I$ H8 L0 }" T
- N8 i- |( B; q. q1 g下面是修改后的orpsoc_testbench.v的部分代码:
" c3 y3 x R+ o0 ~4 P6 m/ d8 j, a) F# K5 \0 E6 [% r# T) Z+ E
`ifdef XILINX_DDR2
: ]6 a! l6 \; p$ K. F3 [2 K8 q `ifndef GATE_SIM4 r+ N0 j# N; k8 v
defparam dut.xilinx_ddr2_0.xilinx_ddr2_if0.ddr2_mig0.SIM_ONLY = 1;- a4 s3 s" J, N, K$ \3 a& `/ a" S
`endif
# r: c2 i. u% B' n+ j( l* E 2 l8 G$ {/ s$ s" n' A# _. X& j7 o
always @( * ) begin
! t3 |+ F: w- X* i) | ddr2_ck_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_ck_FPGA;
# B' r% Z. {/ A1 Q% C; _& E ddr2_ck_n_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_ck_n_fpga;/ j$ B" v* {$ B) A X( c
ddr2_a_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_a_fpga;
* B; t# ^0 o9 J f+ [9 f" A ddr2_ba_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_ba_fpga;' w4 p5 N; y! }; i# e( t
ddr2_ras_n_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_ras_n_fpga;
# D1 d9 A% H! I, i6 s$ c ddr2_cas_n_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_cas_n_fpga;
, e( W& r( u2 T ddr2_we_n_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_we_n_fpga;8 `/ m- z% s h1 l v8 H0 E
ddr2_cs_n_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_cs_n_fpga;, y. T7 k' n/ N. O+ k# { e- S+ [
ddr2_cke_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_cke_fpga;% }) \4 L" v' c* L' c7 h
ddr2_odt_sdram <= #(TPROP_PCB_CTRL) ddr2_odt_fpga;
8 N1 m7 A& ^6 Z+ @$ C ddr2_dm_sdram_tmp <= #(TPROP_PCB_DATA) ddr2_dm_fpga;//DM signal generation
5 b- B# V% P* H2 Y end // always @ ( * )
& ]: _9 l Z, _ Y$ p% Z ; v) l0 S$ Y& j' \" L7 p: o, a
// Model delays on bi-directional BUS
6 i, X& ~; K/ I9 H genvar dqwd;* f/ L9 S! F+ r$ Q$ j
generate
$ G0 C. {# Y- A k for (dqwd = 0;dqwd < DQ_WIDTH;dqwd = dqwd+1) begin : dq_delay: H9 E) B* e8 U8 Z
wiredelay #
! t/ y4 |; h* z; d (
5 B- U4 w/ i0 l, d6 A5 h% o .Delay_g (TPROP_PCB_DATA),
X+ [, C) ^7 F .Delay_rd (TPROP_PCB_DATA_RD)
' l" s0 P# A1 g. [- | )
0 e2 P1 y# p: l% o1 R$ {, A u_delay_dq
. C6 d! |3 y/ E0 j2 y7 M: @# r () t1 E" P: T2 B/ X
.A (ddr2_dq_fpga[dqwd]),
8 G7 G1 i- w" O7 p8 j5 ]6 ] .B (ddr2_dq_sdram[dqwd]),
1 ?$ w/ w) t: H6 O( \. i .reset (rst_n)$ ~; A+ ?1 r4 Q( P8 F( S# a5 A
);0 o1 X$ S$ G' d. g2 l
end
( h# L$ K5 r: Q& e: g; C+ Q! f endgenerate4 ^4 m$ Y8 D- p# r- Y! e9 j
% E" W& k" ~# E" X
genvar dqswd;+ y+ I; x; L& H, M E
generate- a! h) K$ e% N0 p2 Q8 }' G. \* E
for (dqswd = 0;dqswd < DQS_WIDTH;dqswd = dqswd+1) begin : dqs_delay) L8 R( r) n7 T% \
wiredelay #
- R4 a) c7 L0 @1 n# l% | (6 {* ~2 B0 m2 L( x( G
.Delay_g (TPROP_DQS),# K7 [# } o/ [. \5 ~8 m- S/ }( Q
.Delay_rd (TPROP_DQS_RD)% }* r+ r. ~, A+ l/ t6 A- q
)
* y( s2 K# G0 j& j u_delay_dqs4 D6 x+ D( A) }0 T# n
(/ r6 \- ^- p9 m2 V9 b( d/ R1 P' ^* S+ \7 g0 s
.A (ddr2_dqs_fpga[dqswd]),1 r9 G: C+ x" _5 v' q
.B (ddr2_dqs_sdram[dqswd]),! L" Y) Y0 N$ k- t# R7 B
.reset (rst_n)9 i# \7 h9 u8 x
);
3 u6 R% J( j8 Q) m4 L0 n
) T. I( X" H4 F9 |8 E6 D( s wiredelay #
1 |3 Z: Z) b K8 W% a (
8 b: A& H( ]1 n; {& ] .Delay_g (TPROP_DQS),
! s, ^1 F# X) k S" ^5 G0 W .Delay_rd (TPROP_DQS_RD)
k9 k7 B3 }7 k4 o. B; F! [ )
# h/ U4 B' h6 g, y u_delay_dqs_n
6 o, r) g/ g5 L/ w. Z (* c3 L3 s5 L" R$ R+ G6 @
.A (ddr2_dqs_n_fpga[dqswd]),: }! f3 U, N2 \, e: p. X
.B (ddr2_dqs_n_sdram[dqswd]),6 ~+ J1 c, G5 M; n4 |
.reset (rst_n)5 M2 |) ~) s. k, s) R
);6 a4 w% h) i# A1 t- o( K
end5 y7 b9 g y6 m+ P8 y; O2 J1 i( \
endgenerate
6 J7 `+ O( ~8 M- P+ ^, I
% X" f" F3 ^2 ], y0 F+ X% v/ Y* n- ~ assign ddr2_dm_sdram = ddr2_dm_sdram_tmp;
4 [+ e' z! J* |& z1 g0 t //parameter NUM_PROGRAM_WORDS=1048576;
& j' X2 p2 @( Z) ^parameter NUM_PROGRAM_WORDS=8388608; //Rill modify from 1048576
7 G4 n( g9 O0 t2 J3 N8 l integer ram_ptr, program_word_ptr, k;: K# ~/ I* j" `( r H
reg [31:0] tmp_program_word;8 |$ I& b, \, R5 y# D+ w
reg [31:0] program_array [0:NUM_PROGRAM_WORDS-1]; // 1M words = 4MB//8M words = 32MB$ l; W; L: @- R2 Q+ K. k
reg [8*16-1:0] ddr2_ram_mem_line; //8*16-bits= 8 shorts (half-words)# r, M, x% J9 _$ v
genvar i, j;" J* R- I g: O7 f9 E% K' y `
generate
% V& f. q" x; e) R% }8 v7 o. C* [ // if the data width is multiple of 16
4 U0 X' ]' U3 ]9 G- a$ g for(j = 0; j < CS_NUM; j = j+1) begin : gen_cs // Loop of 1
, O+ K: {. e$ {# _) D for(i = 0; i < DQS_WIDTH/2; i = i+1) begin : gen // Loop of 4 (DQS_WIDTH=8)
7 a3 d0 P- ~/ c5 P initial! j0 O2 A5 T6 ]9 F
begin2 l8 ~# O! W1 L4 {: n7 I
`ifdef PRELOAD_RAM
+ }1 @7 F, u, I `include "ddr2_model_preload.v"! `8 Q, \2 a/ |) W2 r
`endif
, q, z( e7 u0 i6 @% u8 Q! s end2 S1 `% j$ H1 h. C+ I# b
3 m) t# \8 `& I/ Y
ddr2_model u_mem0
4 {) y! u: Y% J, I3 X (
4 O5 G( h# j3 I, y' D. c .ck (ddr2_ck_sdram[CLK_WIDTH*i/DQS_WIDTH]),
' d9 I( u% p# ^ .ck_n (ddr2_ck_n_sdram[CLK_WIDTH*i/DQS_WIDTH]),
) N# ~( [* `2 l) @5 ~( S* y2 G .cke (ddr2_cke_sdram[j]),7 a! D1 x8 ^1 R; F. E& T. Z
.cs_n (ddr2_cs_n_sdram[CS_WIDTH*i/DQS_WIDTH]),+ U1 b2 r6 G6 v+ D: g' t6 m
.ras_n (ddr2_ras_n_sdram),
, r4 C( N9 c% f3 B9 S( P1 e) o .cas_n (ddr2_cas_n_sdram),
1 N0 }+ a$ o2 T$ t5 t2 u1 e .we_n (ddr2_we_n_sdram),
3 q6 {: P- b; j$ Q5 k( c% d .dm_rdqs (ddr2_dm_sdram[(2*(i+1))-1 : i*2]),
& c/ w# S& ~3 `$ T' e .ba (ddr2_ba_sdram),9 T7 J1 y4 v3 s; ~/ W
.addr (ddr2_a_sdram),( B* s/ H4 n8 T. X
.dq (ddr2_dq_sdram[(16*(i+1))-1 : i*16]),( X! F) @( {% b3 ~, O+ G3 R8 ?9 j% h
.dqs (ddr2_dqs_sdram[(2*(i+1))-1 : i*2]),3 V) g5 v9 Y2 ^2 a8 U
.dqs_n (ddr2_dqs_n_sdram[(2*(i+1))-1 : i*2]),
: U7 ]2 v& G+ }: {& t .rdqs_n (),
3 l, ^% } u+ O4 N .odt (ddr2_odt_sdram[ODT_WIDTH*i/DQS_WIDTH])
8 i6 b- A \! D- \( `6 H9 Z );
+ _5 B* l9 z+ Q end
. K4 B0 K. x' {# j4 x end
. b* V# J9 {' C. h endgenerate
6 A+ r& _+ V; w. p
$ @8 }, |8 d% z, P8 @7 S`endif" \; o, h2 h# X: B: U+ c9 C
: }4 j( h9 i/ H" e
! o- J( h+ _! Y' k下面是ddr2_model_preload.v的修改后的代码:4 J: R2 g) Q- b; H( T l8 p
d$ Y D. K9 [3 s6 c' k0 \// File intended to be included in the generate statement for each DDR2 part.
8 y$ Y9 e8 i9 u5 r// The following loads a vmem file, "sram.vmem" by default, into the SDRAM.
) m6 r" M! _* R9 a; A & f6 F8 a- `/ M" \! b. m
// Wait until the DDR memory is initialised, and then magically
0 a$ \1 ~2 x1 p; J- a- L. \# Q3 W// load it" |* S1 ]! L, P) [7 Y
$display("%t: wait phy_init_done",$time);4 _ o) y' _4 k8 K# ^8 m1 x
@(posedge dut.xilinx_ddr2_0.xilinx_ddr2_if0.phy_init_done);. W' M% _0 V+ m# _4 P9 w
$display("%t: Loading DDR2",$time);. n$ s ?+ {* ?; L3 b; K1 E/ G
8 ~2 v! ^) S2 ]3 f- z( ]$readmemh("sram.vmem", program_array);
% _( t: B- U4 b& F1 H9 `& M( \! `/* Now dish it out to the DDR2 model's memory */
0 f" I- W+ W( j. z8 e) afor(ram_ptr = 0 ; ram_ptr < 64*1024/*4096*/ ; ram_ptr = ram_ptr + 1)" K( Z5 y }! O2 o
begin; J" G1 H& T5 \" t" O- H0 P
// Construct the burst line, with every second word from where we2 Y. r6 a; Y! e) g# E
// started, and picking the correct half of the word with i%2
; A% e _8 K3 _ program_word_ptr = ram_ptr * 16 + (i/2) ; // Start on word0 or word1 y, }& x! H3 j, n9 F8 x' b+ j& }6 Y
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];
# T8 P, q6 R b! l# d& [ ddr2_ram_mem_line[15:0] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)]; A8 k% i" e: v: d
program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;/ l/ y- J5 i2 B3 s
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr]; : L6 m" n; e5 j
ddr2_ram_mem_line[31:16] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];
1 _: Q; R1 ^7 d! o6 C) h3 C; s( \; }& R
d) E6 H2 U) ]" P4 D program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;1 t6 j% v! M e: T# e2 y! c7 R* l8 h
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];
& o7 k+ J5 y( M! T" i$ O+ Z ddr2_ram_mem_line[47:32] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];4 Q- M1 N7 U. k) _! g2 I- }
- a* X- f! z$ b- e program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;
7 Y& P3 E; B# z0 D1 v+ S) N tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];' r9 p4 T! V/ M
ddr2_ram_mem_line[63:48] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];
* T+ P2 O% @. d, U8 h
! f4 P7 m0 k$ P: I. D( p program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;
( t4 f: T/ ^' X8 a" u; z$ W, c tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];9 p* O4 k. R+ e4 X3 n, A) _; i7 H9 H/ }
ddr2_ram_mem_line[79:64] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];2 j6 J+ g, h2 F1 d' r
, o8 x7 ]2 e7 s+ | program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;
- Z( j+ D% h7 {+ e tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];- K- o/ t! g3 F- O# L; B( ?: y
ddr2_ram_mem_line[95:80] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];: c) K$ x: O- D0 m; g7 l- ?' a
. l, C' J# G& i0 @( b% Y3 c program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;/ i: [4 D6 t! X6 ?3 {! I
tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];
2 z, ]* ~, }- h. Q ddr2_ram_mem_line[111:96] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];
t- v9 P3 ^1 q8 c3 Y4 p8 V0 K : A1 _, Y$ ~/ J5 d
program_word_ptr = program_word_ptr + 2;
1 ` s3 M% `% Z% i# | tmp_program_word = program_array[program_word_ptr];8 s9 E* m4 J: C9 H+ L$ o
ddr2_ram_mem_line[127:112] = tmp_program_word[15 + ((i%2)*16) : ((i%2)*16)];
9 E" W" O9 b$ \. u* } G& ~! d* i J& F$ g* ~- w8 a
// Put this assembled line into the RAM using its memory writing TASK
' p: G2 Y0 g3 _9 S: @4 b( p7 V // (bank ,row , { col }, data, B, B5 P, i- j3 ?: E) t3 ?8 b
u_mem0.memory_write(2'b00,ram_ptr[19:7], {ram_ptr[6:0],3'b000},ddr2_ram_mem_line);7 B: Q! W0 K* N0 u: y# S% L, K
# N7 H. J& R3 i7 U% P' c l //$display("Writing 0x%h, ramline=%d",ddr2_ram_mem_line, ram_ptr);( _6 i( C' a6 P
. O" I2 {% ?) ] end // for (ram_ptr = 0 ; ram_ptr < ...
; p& d+ j/ s- X. I8 @6 q n+ ?+ x$display("(%t) * DDR2 RAM %1d preloaded",$time, i);6 M0 [' y/ M: ?; P/ f
. G1 X, c/ y4 c
这里有两点需要注意:
% \& o8 e: T3 s4 }9 k首先,program_array[]是连续线性的,但是4个device的组织不是连续线性的,所以在调用memory_write()之前一定要变成DDR2 SDRAM实际的组织形式。6 u: b; w: T. o, K
. q$ {9 T: |& h' ^% Z$ x6 f: y8 N此外,由于我们只preload了32MB,小于一个bank,所以bank的地址我们一直是2‘b00,如果以后需要仿真的程序规模超过一个bank的大小了,那么就需要修改bank地址了。+ r( M! m2 m) u1 D
2 i( r' f1 `& J3 H& E# A0 e; u* M3 J
$ z% r4 V: @( @2,验证; C6 n# |! p' [, o( g
修改orpsocv2/sw/makefile.inc中,使之使用现成的elf文件,生成vmem文件。具体修改方法和操作步骤,之前已经介绍过了,这里不再赘述。# C8 Q$ G; t$ A. }+ y
4 y0 X2 t9 v! |* d) W2 I; M1 A; d* R; q执行:make rtl-test TEST=linux PRELOAD_RAM=1
, O6 D' a* G+ h6 k o9 p
: V9 g+ X, w, [4 N1 j. U' G即可得到linux的仿真结果,和实际下板的结果相同。/ V! v. z5 v3 E' R, p& o
% R: I; o2 p% o$ @) ]( P1 o
毫无疑问,由于linux程序规模很大,如果要等到linux启动完成,需要等待很久。* \' @% S, d" m2 y$ E4 b' q v
9 f* ~ _% d9 S. J" m3 x
下面是部分输出:, F& e, a; E, S0 F: O
2 \2 W( V' ^# Q E8 [1 |4 Q
) L, {9 _8 T7 t$ V* Y: z/ F
% R d' k! D7 P t d/ E q
; x& {# ^. f& t# K9 R% @* k下面是仿真一晚上的结果:; a! o1 o- h$ i% H \' H* a& [3 d
0 |4 o6 b, _. i" f3 H
# vsim -do {set StdArithNoWarnings 1; run -all; exit} -c -quiet -suppress 8598 tb 2 b& ^5 A _# m+ X F, o
# // ModelSim SE 10.1c Jul 27 2012 Linux 3.5.0-43-generic9 I" F( D% D e$ d4 q% x* k; \
# //
$ W5 c4 c5 J- K9 r9 d! _; ~# // Copyright 1991-2012 mentor Graphics Corporation
. P! q. Q6 }& e: Q# // All Rights Reserved.) [' @9 d, y/ f+ G& a) @+ L
# //
3 V( c" _; J1 f: r1 {2 e( d5 ~3 b# // THIS WORK CONTAINS TRADE SECRET AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION+ i7 x) z& q4 G+ k
# // WHICH IS THE PROPERTY OF MENTOR GRAPHICS CORPORATION OR ITS: t& U- O$ |7 J J6 [
# // LICENSORS AND IS SUBJECT TO LICENSE TERMS.
9 a+ Z+ |' O/ Q2 J$ W# //
8 y, k8 h; x6 X7 D0 S# set StdArithNoWarnings 1 ! v" S& F$ p& q" @- {% v
# 12 m c$ f- U7 P; C
# run -all
, Y( a" b3 A$ H6 o) t" n1 M# Block Memory Generator CORE Generator module orpsoc_testbench.dut.xilinx_ddr2_0.xilinx_ddr2_if0.cache_mem0.inst is using a behavioral model for simulation which will not precisely model memory collision behavior.
& w" ~; s* u R" ?+ \$ d* d# Xilinx DDR2 MIGed controller at orpsoc_testbench.dut.xilinx_ddr2_0.xilinx_ddr2_if0.ddr2_mig0& `( `8 Z: \+ Y
#
m: [3 O7 v/ R" u8 B- `#
+ u$ a! v7 j2 S" m# * Starting simulation of design RTL.
$ ^4 {! d5 l! a! n1 Y" s# * Test: linux7 y( v9 j# L* Z
# ( H, M9 U6 l) ~# n& R) m
# 0.00 ns: wait phy_init_done% @! }0 i$ H+ b, L
# 0.0 ps: wait phy_init_done9 h6 K. r/ _, s3 w8 C7 b
# 0.0 ps: wait phy_init_done* j- B! G* B* p' ^
# 0.0 ps: wait phy_init_done
# ?" s5 u7 H1 \& U! A6 l+ Z5 M# (1000.0 ps)(orpsoc_testbench.eth_phy0)PHY configured to 100 Mbps!
3 x) x: H2 b" R1 A) J# (1000.0 ps)(orpsoc_testbench.eth_phy0)Ethernet link is up!# u, C8 D0 b1 q4 ]2 U
# Input Error : RST on instance orpsoc_testbench.dut.xilinx_ddr2_0.xilinx_ddr2_if0.ddr2_mig0.u_ddr2_infrastructure.gen_pll_adv.u_pll_adv at time 112500.0 ps must be asserted at least for 10 ns.
7 g. F/ u! J7 `# DEBUG i2c_slave; stop condition detected at 174000.0 ps
) J3 o) e- a% h- l% {# orpsoc_testbench.gen_cs[0].gen[0].u_mem0.cmd_task: at time 8525725.0 ps WARNING: 200 us is required before CKE goes active.* S. S( s5 q$ _; U
# orpsoc_testbench.gen_cs[0].gen[1].u_mem0.cmd_task: at time 8525725.0 ps WARNING: 200 us is required before CKE goes active.# d5 D$ T9 }( @, y2 y# k/ I
# orpsoc_testbench.gen_cs[0].gen[2].u_mem0.cmd_task: at time 8525725.0 ps WARNING: 200 us is required before CKE goes active." G' Z+ O' k' g8 f! P% y) K- I: G; `
# orpsoc_testbench.gen_cs[0].gen[3].u_mem0.cmd_task: at time 8525725.0 ps WARNING: 200 us is required before CKE goes active.
) B: A. Y0 o9 ^: x. a# First Stage Calibration completed at time 25988000.0 ps1 X+ i9 ]: ~/ i: t" k t
# Second Stage Calibration completed at time 32918000.0 ps8 l- i; r) r: ?' L# d
# Third Stage Calibration completed at time 40320000.0 ps
* Y- ?8 b# D$ n5 L- E# Fourth Stage Calibration completed at time 51338000.0 ps9 U+ n/ u+ j2 O" k$ L& c
# Calibration completed at time 51338000.0 ps x" h* Y# d$ Q& f, ?7 ?* k
# 53430000.0 ps: Loading DDR2, T; e, j2 ?( U6 ?
# (53430000.0 ps) * DDR2 RAM 3 preloaded! N* a5 w- d, J& c
# 53430000.0 ps: Loading DDR2
4 q7 ^ @5 T/ v! I6 l' D# (53430000.0 ps) * DDR2 RAM 2 preloaded5 W: A4 W6 s- m9 O- w9 m
# 53430000.0 ps: Loading DDR2
/ K4 \/ X6 F3 v9 t% B' R% z# (53430000.0 ps) * DDR2 RAM 1 preloaded
+ b- ]& p" _0 t! y$ j) Q! {5 V" [# 53430000.0 ps: Loading DDR2
$ T* f% G* Z% N v7 G8 z! a# (53430000.0 ps) * DDR2 RAM 0 preloaded: g P! c* L2 I2 N% M
# Or1200 IC enabled at 7808632500.0 ps$ y( e2 s( n. l; B# a' c/ ~; w
# Or1200 DC enabled at 7919317500.0 ps# N N$ ^/ k- l5 z C1 C7 t8 t/ _
# Compiled-in FDT at 0xc026b8a0# X8 s2 R2 K# a- i! y( V
# 2 q! q/ O1 v5 _* U5 o0 V
# Linux version 3.1.0-rc6-00002-g0da8eb1-dirty (openrisc@openrisc-VirtualBox) (gcc version 4.5.1-or32-1.0rc4 (OpenRISC 32-bit toolchain for or32-linux (built 20111017)) ) #107 Mon Mar 3 08:13:04 CET 2014. [7 }% d8 D% f8 g2 f( z) C
#
4 u8 [3 A0 m; \# X- E# CPU: OpenRISC-12 (revision 8) @66 MHz
- b$ D( m! S* b9 ?6 E. K- e+ d# ' ?6 }# \- r; P, i) ^
# -- dcache: 32768 bytes total, 32 bytes/line, 1 way(s)+ _) N3 K" w8 u
# 3 y( r3 s* D" T/ t `
# -- icache: 32768 bytes total, 32 bytes/line, 1 way(s)7 H6 [# B% l, P8 Y
# 0 B2 ~# M/ i9 z
# -- dmmu: 64 entries, 1 way(s)$ z& }5 |6 D2 W- g D0 Z6 ^
# L/ F5 O* g2 ^$ g3 F# ~0 \/ L
# -- immu: 64 entries, 1 way(s)
% F' z3 A& Y9 j# % \6 z( Z1 J- ^ Z6 Y$ W
# -- additional features:: {" d/ M5 z2 l
#
' u5 `0 |' G! {/ }/ k# -- debug unit: H. A3 c) d/ B( }6 l! i9 c* ?9 Y
# % m' n }1 Y T# w. l
# -- PIC
* A) ]: q8 ^6 i2 O/ w# * p5 {: Y% t- F( E8 U" s
# -- timer/ t) k' ?' c/ O
#
- ?; f0 p' s& }( K# setup_memory: Memory: 0x0-0x2000000
v0 ^" v" v& A* d' {2 I/ k#
4 V6 O m$ }! L0 d( x# Reserved - 0x01ffd9dc-0x000026240 e4 d3 f8 E3 x# r. k! z
# & k0 [5 s! \. O( |5 J
# Setting up paging and PTEs." @2 P0 m0 a+ U) @( [! ^. T+ @# f
# 0 A# |$ N: H/ X. Q
# map_ram: Memory: 0x0-0x2000000
! I' J3 s8 o- y ~# * X8 C- J o' _3 R; e
# On node 0 totalpages: 4096
" Y: {0 r: j$ Q! s1 ]3 b#
7 `7 Q3 ?3 _3 w1 M9 @# free_area_init_node: node 0, pgdat c02525b8, node_mem_map c03cc000
0 Y# X, O* O+ b' x+ O* J, D S( j#
v7 A% v6 z- g a6 A# Normal zone: 16 pages used for memmap1 Q0 C, p8 K* b% z1 q
# ! f! C. q% i) f' D# i9 @; ]
# Normal zone: 0 pages reserved
: M9 Q6 O O2 T& N7 m+ @8 o$ V" X#
% q+ _, B9 I3 ~# Normal zone: 4080 pages, LIFO batch:0& F( m8 w! N0 y# V* S* ^
# & d# b' D) d+ a! A$ k0 E
# dtlb_miss_handler c00020008 a. a1 Y M( t1 r5 @4 U! L" |
#
' z9 d [4 Q; l: D p# itlb_miss_handler c0002108/ J. @' h! t( Q+ w8 c
# ( a% `% n: q- w' ~' W$ R* S' u- ]- S
# OpenRISC Linux -- http://openrisc.net' q" p/ ?7 t: c5 g
#
! y5 W5 x* Y! ?0 k" C; c& \+ e# Y: C# pcpu-alloc: s0 r0 d32768 u32768 alloc=1*32768; g$ }# T" z: c! D* f
#
: _, U" I( ]- C3 R# pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 " u! P2 @3 j" q
#
4 X8 i# h; @% l/ h5 k, v# Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping off. Total pages: 40807 J( m" O5 G, h* e. m
#
3 W) p" r2 ~8 v5 s! _# Kernel command line: console=uart,mmio,0x90000000,115200. ~5 a' ]' H6 f& f- B
# ! }' u5 `+ ^9 @0 J3 F( o
# Early serial console at MMIO 0x90000000 (options '115200')! t9 S# u1 K" e9 y
#
4 l* j/ s* O8 h# w# bootconsole [uart0] enabled
2 }' T+ P0 M" [9 M/ A* A" ?#
9 d& q) m. U" a; V# PID hash table entries: 128 (order: -4, 512 bytes)
' Y- q. j0 G0 Q# / f& S7 v" G& h/ A! U! a$ W% R
# Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 1, 16384 bytes). F6 }3 H3 w0 R0 p% j8 Q
# # G" i7 U3 U. |* P
# Inode-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 0, 8192 bytes)3 z! n0 H& q$ E+ Z! e& R
#
8 s# x1 Z. E' P# Memory: 28648k/32768k available (2064k kernel code, 4120k reserved, 316k data, 1416k init, 0k highmem)
( R" h; T% S$ L" q6 M6 b6 f# 5 {$ I8 [0 G0 ]3 m9 Z+ Q
# mem_init_done ...........................................
& t9 ?4 a+ `; p) _* r#
4 q- d% U5 n; ]0 T: o4 Y# NR_IRQS:32
6 w3 k7 r. M, P8 ~& l% b7 k# * K$ ?6 X. v% m' [5 v7 z0 v
# 133.33 BogoMIPS (lpj=666666)2 D4 n* y4 W9 {" ~
# 0 N1 M% ]. f1 _: I% z
# pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 3018 {6 l# r" c, ^2 p
#
4 ? R; J8 p/ e# Mount-cache hash table entries: 10242 [4 V; g! u; O) x: `" r, j: Y
# % O4 @- X, }+ U! ]
# devtmpfs: initialized
- G, y- b9 j- `$ Q+ k/ o# 7 M, S+ D; i- P# \6 _; B' o1 T
# NET: Registered protocol family 16! Z7 l* y; v0 }4 Z% ~- i$ k- s' E
#
- e; o* x ~% |6 p: \, a, W# Switching to clocksource openrisc_timer1 ~6 t# k5 |% d, T
#
. x- r. U0 v; m- y# Switched to NOHz mode on CPU #0
1 v2 v3 m9 V* i4 j5 ]: J# 5 C8 g- S4 i' v& m3 ]7 n* P
# NET: Registered protocol family 27 _2 d8 M; J& _6 R1 d0 Q
#
+ [4 i4 Z0 {$ G+ y8 Q% U# IP route cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 0, 8192 bytes)" C) ~: c! u; W9 h: n# `8 l
#
4 [ s: j+ w) p9 n4 }3 y# TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 8192 bytes)
* C( w# D0 O/ o# " M1 T& |! H0 i4 c. m( \7 \' \3 X0 L
# TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: -1, 4096 bytes)0 u: g' T- X0 q+ f" G
# # `0 T" g9 o. V, v/ c2 a
# TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
( ]+ V! Z/ o$ m* i0 K7 g#
* s% G% T+ g9 |; E* b5 c% O- C# TCP reno registered, T) g; R7 t+ P
# 0 ^ A$ h5 p1 {: y
# UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 8192 bytes)+ P) i* m8 A( f
# & b) J! W: a! g
# UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 8192 bytes)
* P F& E/ t8 j' f% B9 C6 j#
; v. t5 D+ v, a, t% H# NET: Registered protocol family 1' n; o, Y9 q9 Q8 |
# 4 n: \& ?6 d- X
# RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.. Y' P8 D' w+ ^: l
# 0 T' K- A1 x0 i+ y# g& i% ]
# RPC: Registered udp transport module.3 K2 }4 i9 L }" [
# ; R9 g2 Q6 N. O& ~
# RPC: Registered tcp transport module.# \! G! T9 e( F9 j2 @
# ) f8 N+ \& N( s: c; L
# RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.) o4 h2 E9 W8 r8 Y( g6 h
# ( C- F1 \+ W# G G
# Unpacking initramfs
7 F. h9 \8 X8 K: B4 x#
9 y6 E/ k1 w- v; x2 s- E- I* @# Break key hit
8 j$ h5 M' k' N# Break at an unknown location- `8 W0 A' i s8 e' [, H6 G+ _
# exit
3 B/ l" h+ i0 _7 }8 H. D* G4 S# i! J4 C# N& {( W( O" W
. ], Y( R( t, q1 U3,小结0 _9 s# {2 t) s+ z
之前搞嵌入式,linux的启动信息很熟悉,但是如果想知道linux启动过程中,硬件的具体工作时序,几乎是不可能的,现在板子上所有设备的每个clock的状态,通过RTL仿真,即可实现。 w) C+ `4 G, m; o7 d0 O
7 W. k* [0 ~3 m7 H, b1 B |
|