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标题: Cat 1开源项目一：从0-1设计一款TCP版本RTU（支持Modbus+GNSS）产品的软硬件全过程 [打印本页]

作者: AmaziotIOT 时间: 2024-4-12 14:52
标题: Cat 1开源项目一：从0-1设计一款TCP版本RTU（支持Modbus+GNSS）产品的软硬件全过程
本文为奇迹物联量产 RTU 产品设计资料分享，主要针对嵌入式 C 语言物联网开发爱好者学习交流。可帮助以下人员降低物联网产品开发门槛：
物联网Cat 1产品开发初学者：本文将介绍产品的软硬件定义、硬件设计分析、软件设计分析，并详细讲解单一功能点功能模块的验证过程和测试验证方法。通过学习本内容，初学者可以在 1-2 天内完成一款 Cat 1 产品的开发全过程，快速提升物联网产品开发的实践能力。本文也是红豆开源产品的一个实战讲解项目。
负责开发类似RTU（Cat 1 版本）功能定义的产研人员：通过本案例，你将全面了解 RTU 的设计全部功能模块拆解分析，并结合红豆开源平台（开源硬件+RTOS 开源资料），快速进行微改动，完成自己的物联网产品项目研发设计。
需要设计一款RTU产品的项目负责人：本案开源了产品设计软硬件全部设计资料，以及产品手册、AT指令手册、JSON通信协议等开发成果，可以直接转为自己量产产品设计资料，节省开发成本。

TCP版RTU（支持Modbus+GNSS）项目概述RTU（Remote Terminal Unit），中文即远程终端控制系统，负责对现场信号、工业设备的监测和控制。RTU是构成企业综合自动化系统的核心装置，通常由信号输入/出模块、微处理器、有线/无线通讯设备、电源及外壳等组成，由微处理器控制，并支持网络系统。它实现企业中央监控与调度系统对生产现场一次仪表的遥测、遥控、遥信和遥调等功能。RTU可以实现远程测控设备，通过控制现场IO控制现场设备运行。
产品定义描述 产品功能定义：传统设备需要接入云平台，在不改变传统设备的情况下，通过串口连接一个可以连接服务器的设备，在不修改传统设备的情况下，赋能其上云功能。
TCP RTU+GNSS+Modbus采用5*6贴片卡/外置SIM卡/全网通卡，支持北斗/GPS定位，支持卡基站定位，内嵌看门狗，掉线自动恢复。标准工业RS232/485接口，可以支持6-20V的宽电压输入，支持5路DO，5路DI，1路AI。
TCP RTU+GNSS+Modbus为用户提供标准固件以及对应源码，以及对应的TCP透传、GNSS、DI、DO、AI、Modbus等功能的例程详解，用户可以快速了解如何去从0开发一个项目，快速完成自己的产品功能定义，加速开发。
产品硬件分析框图： 系统框图
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功能简介
1. 电源：向SOM核心板+底板，以及扩展外设提供电源
2. SOM核心板+底板：产品核心部分
3. 上位机：配置设备参数。
4. 4G天线：信号接收发送
5. DI/DO：开关量输入，输出
6. AI：模拟输入
7. SOM板和底板之间的接口使用板对板连接器

硬件资料包括，SOM板原理图和PCB，主板原理图和PCB，部分组件资料。

硬件设计原理图、Layout图、BOM信息等资料详情点击下面链接🔗：硬件开发部分
产品核心板资料和产品datesheet点击如下链接🔗：1）AM430EV5 SOM板1（5*6卡） 2）Datasheet

也可以购买标准硬件进行软件开发，购买链接：https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=768412868192&spm=a1z10.1-c-s.w4004-25306266394.3.7c4517edPbkQLY

软件开发分析：开发一个项目，代码量庞大。一般情况下，一个项目开发，会把项目功能拆解成为一个个功能点，逐一实现，最后形成最终产品代码。
产品软件流程分析我们的目的是做一款RTU，一种针对通信距离较长和工业现场环境恶劣而设计的具有模块化结构的、特殊的计算机测控单元，它将末端检测仪表和执行机构与远程调控中心的主计算机连接起来。
项目实现功能：

AT指令配置设备运行参数，包括：服务器连接IP、端口号；心跳包开启/关闭；心跳包内容；注册包模式；注册包内容。以及复位和查询相关配置参数指令。
可随时选择进入、退出透传模式
心跳保持功能，心跳间隔可配置
网络重连功能
理论上可以发送无限长度数据包
波特率固定为115200，可以根据客户需求定制
网络AT指令和JSON协议配置功能，可以通过服务器下发远程AT指令配置
支持远程升级
支持5路DI，DI可以配置为，上拉/下拉，初始电平，主动上报，定时上报，可以单独读某一路，可以5路同时读
支持5路DO，包含，可配上拉/下拉，初始电平，重启状态，可以单独设置某一路的输出电平，也可以同时设置5路的输出电平
支持1路AI，可以采集4 - 20mA的电流，可以配置阈值，按照配置触发报警，周期上报
闹钟功能，DO定时执行设置动作
IO联动，DI/AI作为输入源，DO跟随动作，包括正向跟随、反向跟随DI；阈值内、阈值外执行相应动作
支持设置50组（01H 02H 03H 04H 05H 06H）指令，设置两组（10H）指令。支持按照设置的功能码等配置，通过Modbus轮训，支持Modbus RTU，JSON三种协议格式上报。

根据RTU应该具有的的功能，代码可以分为：数据存储模块，AT指令模块，切卡模块，透传模式切换模块，TCP模块，心跳模块，掉线重连模块，GNSS模块，DI模块，DO模块，AI模块，JSON模块，闹钟模块，Modbus模块。
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模块内拆解的功能点分析模块是根据相似的功能，把对应的代码放到同一个源文件中。每个功能算作一个功能点，不同功能点组合以来，构成了模块的主要功能。

数据存储功能点：包括文件创建，初始化，读写，关闭等。
AT指令功能点：包括串口初始化，串口数据接收，发送，数据分析，AT指令解析
切卡功能点：包括GPIO初始化，复位切卡
透传模式切换功能点：包括串口初始化，串口数据接收，发送，数据分析，切换模式
掉线重连功能点：包括连接状态检测，掉线重连
TCP功能点：包括参数配置，创建Socket，连接服务器，发送，接收数据
心跳功能点：包括参数配置，定时发送
GNSS功能点：包括参数配置，串口初始化，串口数据接收，数据分析，模式切换，定时上报
DI功能点：包括参数配置，GPIO初始化，中断检测，模式切换，定时上报，中断上报
AI功能点：包括参数配置，ADC接口初始化，电流计算，定时上报
DO功能点：包括参数配置，GPIO初始化，模式切换，定时上报，跟随DI或者AI
闹钟功能点：包括参数配置，定时，超时动作
JSON功能点：包括数据接收，解析，数据发送
Modbus功能点：包括参数配置，数据接收，解析，数据发送

上述模块功能点大致是按照依赖顺序来的，下面讲述的模块实现可能要基于上面的功能点来实现。
开发过程（基于红豆平台搭乐高模式开发）按照上面的分析，开发的过程就是实现一个个功能点，几个功能点完成一个模块，几个模块完成一个项目的开发。开发过程会从核心功能点验证，完整代码详解，调试三个章节来讲，如何使用服务层API或应用层组件中的代码实现功能点和模块，从而完成整个项目。在软件开发部分，我们对这个开源项目进行了模块划分，并且对每个模块拆解出相应的功能点，这个章节，我们要对所有功能点，逐一验证，拼接出我们最终的RTU产品代码。
本产品基于以上软件分析涉及以下14个功能模块：数据存储模块，AT指令模块，切卡模块，透传模式切换模块，TCP模块，心跳模块，掉线重连模块，GNSS模块，DI模块，DO模块，AI模块，JSON模块，闹钟模块，Modbus模块。
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这14个功能模块在红豆开源平台RTOS系统服务层组件&应用层组件都提供相关的服务，可以直接采用搭乐高开发模式。红豆平台的相关资源介绍链接：红豆平台RTOS技术架构
第一步：基于RTOS的组件快速完成每一个功能模块的验证，针对本次工程每个功能模块验证详情链接：核心功能点验证
第二步：验证完功能点和功能模块后，从0快速搭建出一个RTU工程，进行系统级联调测试。RTU工程完整代码讲解链接：完整代码详解；RTU工程代码调试详解链接：调试：产品固件Gitee链接：软件源码树文件介绍及Gitee链接。

本工程的代码对第一次接触红豆平台也非常友好，提供详细的代码讲解备注，例如以下：文件模块的代码，可以迅速了解上手，也可以根据自己的需求做优化改进。
int dtu_init_trans_conf(void){ //初始化连接类型 st_dtu_file_t.type = 0; //初始化默认IP，onenet 多协议接入 tcp sprintf(st_dtu_file_t.ip,"183.230.40.40"); //初始化端口 st_dtu_file_t.port = 1811; //设置默认上报心跳 st_dtu_file_t.heartflag = 1; //设置默认心跳内容为hearttest sprintf(st_dtu_file_t.heart,"hearttest"); //设置心跳间隔时间为30s st_dtu_file_t.hearttime = 30; //设置默认上报注册包 st_dtu_file_t.linkflag = 1; //设置注册包内容为"*275619#amaziot4000mt#AP4000MT*"，内容是根据onenet 多协议接入，tcp配置的脚本上报规则，上报后，onenet会不停下发 sprintf(st_dtu_file_t.link,"*275619#amaziot4000mt#AP4000MT*"); //配置网络AT指令默认前缀是"am.iot" sprintf(st_dtu_file_t.cmdpw,"am.iot"); //三合一切卡，默认卡是 st_dtu_file_t.sim = 1; //sim卡禁止切卡标志 st_dtu_file_t.simlock = 0; //默认不上报gnss语句 st_dtu_file_t.gpsflag = 0; //返回文件首地址 return 0;}工程成果下载开发成果属于项目完成后，总结出来的一些说明性文件，包括Datasheet，AT指令手册，通信协议，以及固件等，可以作为本开源项目的工程量产资料。
Datasheet
SCH的讲解和Gerber文件资料
产品BOM
AT指令手册
JSON通信协议
固件

如需下载相关资料或者需要技术交流请联系我们：

物联网技术发展日新月异，也欢迎反馈您的技术需求，我们会及时更新迭代红豆平台的技术应用能力。
欢迎同学们走进AmazIOT知识库的世界！这里是为物联网人构建的百度百科，以便帮助你更快更简单的开发物联网产品。
IoT Wiki初心：
我们在物联网 ODM 解决方案的长期实践中，一直受到物联网技术碎片化和产业资源碎片化的困扰。从产品选项、方案制定，到开发和测试，物联网碎片的技术信息一直影响着团队的效率和产品交付。为了降低重复造轮子的工作，我们开始对物联网的碎片化技术和产业资源相关产品知识进行沉淀管理。后来发现，许多同行都面临着类似的困扰，因此我们决定将内部沉淀的知识库以 Wiki 的形式开放给所有物联网行业开发者，希望能为更多的物联网人减少一些重复造轮子的工作。

部分素材来源于网络，仅用于交流学习，如有侵权请联系删除！

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